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This is a complete selection of our Published Articles In Raw Text Form Relating to the FAAD-LOS project, a funded Capital Program of the U.S. Army in WHich Canadian COmpany Oerlikon Aerospace Inc. was selected as successfull bidder. (Most but not all mainframe coding has been removed.)

U.S. Army  Forward Area Air Defence Project FAAD-LOS-FH

Forward Area Air Defence Line-Of-Site Forward-Heavy Combat Zone

ADATS LEADS IN FAAD L-O-S F-H

The evaluation phase of the U.S. Army's Forward Area Air Defence

Line-of-Sight Forward-Heavy project is rapidly nearing a conclusion (see TWR, July 8). According to sources here, the U.S. Army has admirably maintained its ambitious schedule and will adhere to the Congressionally mandated decision date of November 26. This week marks the conclusion of the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) live test-firing, and the commencement of the acquisition and trcaking phase (see TWR, July 15). The last of the live firings took place on Friday October
10.

According to TWR sources, the test results have indicated a narrow lead being taken by the Martin Marietta/Oerlikon Aerospace ADATS team over the Thompson CSF/LTV Corp. team. Both teams were able to hit most targets in the test-firing of 10 missiles. Falling far behind in the live firing tests are both Euromissile and British Aerospace who missed most targets. Although not confirmed by the U.S. Army, it is widely believed that scoring for the FAAD

L-O-S F-H project is based 15 percent on the live firing phase, 24 percent on the acquisition and tracking phase, and 60 percent on the proposal itself. The critical acquisition and tracking phase beginning this week will allow the Army to fly hundreds of aircraft targets against the contender systems to provide a conclusive database for the evaluation phase. Acquisition and tracking tests and evaluations should be concluded by the end of this month. 



Comment: 

FIERCE FAAD LOS BATTLE BREWING 

A battle royal is brewing in Washington, DC amongst at least three of the four contenders who are competing in the final phases of the U.S. Army's FAAD LOS program. At stake is a $3.5 billion contract for the line-of-sight forward-heavy system.

During the past week there were two significant events for FAAD watchers: the beginning of FAAD Line-Of-Sight Forward-Heavy (L-O-S F-H) acquisition and tracking tests concurrent with the conclusion of live

test-firings at the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). Meanwhile the Association of the United States Army convened its annual meeting in Washington, DC. If any single topic could be described as being prevalent at the show, it was the $11 billion FAADS (Forward Area Air Defence) project. Winning and contending system manufacturers for the five FAAD elements were on hand to demonstrate their equipment and capability. The multi-faceted project embraces a broad range of air defence elements that will defend a variety of battle areas (see TWR #5, 6 July 1987). The L-O-S F-H competition _ one of FAAD's five elements _ is currently the most active.

The contending systems for FAAD L-O-S F-H are offered by four groups of companies: British Aerospace/United Technologies/FMC (Advanced Rapier); Euromissile/Hughes (Paladin); Martin Marietta/Oerlikon Aerospace (ADATS); and Thomson CSF/LTV Missiles and Electronics Group (Liberty I/Liberty II). At this point in the evaluation process, ADATS has gained a slight lead over Liberty. Both are well ahead of Paladin and Rapier.

A war of words has begun. Several rumours are circulating in Washington that suggest that Euromissile and British Aerospace, along with their respective American teammates will withdraw from the competition. Tempers are getting hot in some cases. Some contenders are furious about the fact that firing test winner Martin Marietta uses a bore sight alignment module and an alignment target on the missile range. Others say that the ADATS operators fire at will, after waiting for obscurants to clear. (One of our U.S. army sources says that crews fire when they are told to do so.)

An ADATS proponent has accused TWR of publishing a ''sensational'' diatribe against the ADATS creators. One of the low-scoring contender's executives went out of his way to publicly accuse TWR of being ''pro-ADATS'' at the AUSA annual show. Perhaps it was that person or his colleagues who supplied non-attributed and erroneous statements to the U.S.-based newspaper Defence News

which pronounced ''no production line for the ADATS system exists, while missiles such as the Rapier and the Roland are being built in Britain and Germany.'' How such a report could have ignored the recent, widely-publicized, Canadian Low Level Air Defence project is beyond comprehension. That may explain why Canadian journalists are often sought by U.S. media headhunters, but never does the reverse apply.

ADATS is in production in North America. In mid-September TWR visited the 16,000 square meter Oerlikon Aerospace factory in

Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, Quebec, where Oerlikon Aerospace workers (more than 400 of them) man the production line for the launch and command equipment of ADATS. The facility is currently devoted to producing units for the Canadian Low Level Air Defence (CF-LLADS) project which has an initial requirement for 36 systems. Both prime and subcontractor levels of production are currently under way in Canada, Switzerland, Italy and the U.S. The first of the deliveries for the Canadian order are to take place less than a year from now.

When asked by TWR about laser alignment at WSMR, Mr. Werner Oesch, an official of the ADATS corporate team said, ''The ADATS E-O (electro-optical) module has a built-in Bore-Sight module which automatically verifies the alignment of the center lines of various electro-optic components of the tracking and guidance section. During the firing trials (at WSMR) _ for testing purposes _ a distant aiming point, or target board, was used to cross check (and ascertain) that the system had maintained its alignment following extensive travel over rough tank roads. During a tactical deployment this function would be performed by the built-in Bore-Sight module. This double check successfully confirmed the ability of the system to maintain its alignment in a fully tactical environment.'' The bore sight alignment module is included as part of the Canadian LLAD system and is also on board the proposed FAAD LOS ADATS system.

The Thomson CSF/LTV Liberty team has proposed a fearsome competitor to ADATS and the others. The configuration of Liberty that was used for firing trials consists of six Thomson Shahine missiles mounted on an AMX-30 chassis using: surveillance radar; a multisensor fire control suite with a tracking radar; Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR); TV; and integrated IFF (Identification Friend or Foe). If selected for FAAD LOS, the first configuration of Liberty to be fielded would be Liberty I _ an M1A1 Abrams chassis sporting either 12 VT-1 Liberty or six Shahine missiles, and two .50 calibre machine guns for self-protection. Radar capacity would be enhanced with an enlarged antenna. Liberty II would be supplied in later deliveries. This latter version of Liberty is the veritable Cadillac of low level air defence. With 12 Liberty missiles under armour on a low silhouette M1A1, and armour shrouding of the radar antenna and most other systems, the II configuration would be additionally equipped to cover the missile dead zone using the 25 mm Bushmaster Cannon with dual ammo feeds. Thomson/LTV is guaranteeing a mach 3.5 peak velocity and missile range of 10 km.

A Liberty II crew of two soldiers would enjoy most of the protective attributes of a modern main battle tank. The FAADS-M1, as it is called by General Dynamics Land Systems Division, is a nuclear-hardened, biological and chemical weapon safe, 48 km per hour (off road) vehicle. Total weight of Liberty II is proposed to be 27.2 tonnes.

The big question that revolves around the Liberty II, is ''At what price... and how long will it be until the system can be fielded?'' Considering the army's pressing need for an effective low level air defence system, will they be able to wait for Liberty II?

The attractive leading edge technology aspects of the Liberty bid are reminiscent of the ploys used for ADATS in the Canadian Low Level Air Defence competition. ADATS was without doubt, the most advanced technology system offered to the Canadians. From all indications it is still the most advanced system today. But ADATS was not by any means an off-the-shelf,

ready-to-be-fielded system. Much less than that, Liberty II is a veritable 'paper system.' It exists on the drawing board only. Phil Gregory, former ADATS marketing chief for Martin Marietta, crossed the street early in the FAAD LOS project to work for LTV's Missiles and Electronics Group. It is no small coincidence that the tactics of Martin Marietta's CF-LLAD bid and LTV's FAAD LOS bid bear such a strong resemblance.

Canadians were unable to ignore the high-tech Martin/Oerlikon ADATS offering. Realizing full well that the system they bought would likely remain in the field for more than two decades, the Canadian army decision-makers were loathe to select a system like Rapier, Roland, or Crotale, all of which had already been around for the best part of a decade and which represented an older technology generation. They chose ADATS with its attractive, advanced, passive FLIR and laser tracking and guidance methods. Will the same thoughts race through the minds of U.S. Army decision makers? Will the same tactics that worked for ADATS in Canada work for Liberty in the U.S.?

Not likely, Phil. But then, who can be sure! ADATS is already well into production mode. As can be seen from the very successful test firings, the wrinkles have been ironed out of ADATS and it is already heading at a great speed into its first generation of advanced product development. The distinct difference between Liberty and ADATS is that Shahine/Liberty remains a radio command-to-line-of-sight guided missile, whereas ADATS utilizes the more advanced and passive laser beam riding technique: a young technology that shows promise of even greater capability down the road. Although the proposed FAAD LOS ADATS system is mounted on the less protected,

lighter-weight Bradley fighting vehicle, it boasts greater mobility and transportability, something that army commanders do not overlook easily.

At the conclusion of the live firing phase of the Candidate Evaluation Test (CAT), these two systems leaned noticeably ahead of the rest _ ADATS and Liberty. Although U.S. Army sources have refused to discuss specific

live-firing results, it is clear that ADATS and Liberty, with close scores, were far superior to Paladin and Rapier, which demonstrated abysmally poor kill capability. To the surprise of many observers, the British-developed Rapier, in spite of more than 10,000 previous live-firings, failed to achieve direct hits on any of its targets, but sources indicate that the problems encountered early in the firings were ''sorted out.'' BAE claims two hits achieved in the last of the 10 shots. The most prolific in terms of numbers and users, Rapier is not to be counted out of the running yet. It is speculated by many that a major advantage of Rapier is its low price. According to British Aerospace senior VP Michael Rousse, ''Much depends on how the Army evaluates the more questionable shots of other contenders, and even more depends on the results of the acquisition and tracking phase.''

The acquisition and tracking test phase of the U.S. Army's forward heavy program will run from October 12 to approximately October 31. U.S. soldiers who have been trained by the various contractors will operate the systems for three one-hour missions per day. Fixed wing and rotary wing tactical threat profiles will be run against the contender systems in single and multiple aircraft presentations. The system operators must be able to designate hostile and friendly aircraft in day and night environments under clear and obscure conditions during benign and heavy electronic countermeasure activity. The evaluation of results will take into consideration the probability of detection, and the detection range; the engagement range (under benign and countermeasure environments); the probability of a single shot kill; the response time of the system; survivability; reliability; mobility; manprint (man/machine interface); and the growth potential of each contender system.

After the 'acq-&-trac' phase, the full test report will be submitted by the WSMR team to the Data Analysis Group (DAG) and the Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB). This is likely to take place early in the month of November. The Congressionally mandated selection date is November 26, 1987, with a planned contract award date of January 1988.

In spite of significant slippage of project internal time lines, army officials insist that as long as they are able to meet the October 31 deadline for test completion, the November 26 announcement date will be maintained. It is clear that U.S. soldiers and officers have taken to heart the wishes of General Ambrose, the Under Secretary of the United States Army. Ambrose has fervently committed to the November 26 deadline and, although he has the option of announcing that there will not be a selection made from the four contenders, he is expected by most observers to proceed into final contract negotiations with a competition winner.

Often touted as the replacement for the ill-fated Sgt. York system, FAADS in reality bears no resemblance to the Division Air Defence (DIVAD) project. Far more complex, and spanning a much larger variety and number of users, FAADS, just like DIVAD, will likely receive considerable political and media attention. The U.S. trade deficit for the month of August was announced last week as no less than $15.1 billion. Widespread U.S. public reaction to such statistics emphasizes the need to buy American products. Will that fact give Martin Marietta the competitive edge in the FAAD L-O-S F-H competition? Most contenders boast 80 percent or more North American content, but none of the system creators except Martin Marietta can boast of being an American based and owned company. Notwithstanding all of the uncertainties of this project, it can surely be said that no matter what decision the army takes, it will most certainly be a controversial one. 

Micheal J. O'Brien

SAVA-STORK _ NEW COMPANY TO MAKE ADATS COMPONENTS 

On Tuesday morning, a memorandum-of-understanding was signed by officials of Savabini of Italy and Stork Werkspoor Canada Ltd. (a Dutch company) to create a new enterprise, Sava-Stork Limited. The new company will utilize the technologies of the two firms to manufacture the first 30 environmental control systems for the Oerlikon Aerospace ADATS system _ a

$3-million contract. The cooling system is used to control temperatures of the ADATS Turret Electronics and Electro Optics (TEOC) modules. Savabini will provide the design and manufacturing process technology whilst Stork Werkspoor of Candiac, Quebec will provide the physical plant within which the work will take place. Additional employment is being created for 10 persons at the Candiac facility as a result of this multi-million dollar joint venture. The Sava-Stork cooling system is proposed for the U.S. FAAD LOS project on board the ADATS system. If successful, that contract could be worth as much as $20 million to the new firm.

Stork Werkspoor was incorporated in Canada in October of 1960 and currently employs 48 people. The company provides heating and cooling systems for military users as well as commercial customers. Savabini was founded in April, 1947 and is also involved in the manufacture of cooling systems. The announcement was made jointly by Mr. Donald S. McKelvie, president of

Sava-Stork Inc., and Dr. Marco Genoni, on behalf of Sava-Stork's first customer, Oerlikon. 

NEW FAAD N-L-O-S FOG-M TEAM 

The Boeing Military Airplane Company and Hughes Aircraft company have formed a team to compete for the U.S. Army's Fiber Optic Guided Missile (FOG-M)

project. As one of the five elements of the FAADS project, FOG-M

Non-Line-Of-Sight weapons (NLOS) (see TWR #6, July 15, 1987) will attend to enemy helicopters in terrain-masked positions from the Close Combat Zone. The concept is transitioning from laboratory to full scale development and was designed by U.S. Missile Command. Analogous to a wire-guided torpedo in so much as guidance and other telemetered data are transmitted by line, the fibre optically linked FOG-M has a television camera in its nose that supplies the gunner/operator with a visual depiction of the missile's field of view, and kill potential. The missile, once guided into a hostile area by the gunner, will provide visual clues to the presence of hidden helicopters and other threats. The gunner, having designated the target from the optical clues provided, locks on and directs the weapon to a kill.

Boeing and Hughes have been conducting FOG-M related research for more than 13 years. The two companies have completed more than 23 separate R&D FOG-M

contracts for the Army. Boeing has built seekers, sensors and guidance systems. Hughes has extensive experience in fiber optic data links, and rapid pay out fiber optic cable assembly and slew able seekers. Team products have flown on every Army FOG-M mission to date. U.S. Army program manager Col. Oleh Koropey and Brig. Gen. William Fiorentino, FAADS executive officer, will issue a Request for Proposal (RFP) later this year. Contract award for FAAD N-LOS is expected to take place in mid-1988. 

LETTERS: 

The Plain Plessey Facts 

Congratulations on the launch of your fine new publication. With respect to your October 14 article about Plessey, (see TWR #19 _ ''British Giant Hungry for Canadian Investment Opportunity''), there is an important point we would like to clarify.

Only Plessey Telecommunications has merged with GEC Telecommunications, leaving approximately 54 percent of the old company intact as Plessey _ this means that Plessey will now be primarily defence oriented. A further minor point: the ''frustrated Harris takeover bid'' was actually some four months prior to the Plessey/GEC Telecommunications merger.

We believe that it is important to set the record straight in case your readers become muddled with the hostile GEC takeover bid for Plessey, which was disallowed by the (British) Monopolies Commission last year.

John Markham,

VP Marketing, Canada, 

Plessey Electronics Systems. 



Comment: 

FAAD LOS _ PREDICTING THE WINNER 

Numerous delays and complex doctrinal, technical, and logistical problems have not hampered the U.S. Army's quest for an anti-air-attack defence of its heavy manoeuvre units in forward areas of combat. The acquisition and tracking phase of the Forward Area Air Defence Line-Of-Sight Forward-Heavy project concluded last week, and the data from this and earlier live firing tests is now being evaluated by the Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB). Army officials insist that a decision will be reached by November 26, some 12 working days from now.

Including a hybrid missile/gun combination, the objective system _ according to the Army's statement of requirement _ is to have a maximum effective range of six kilometers or more with survivability and mobility capabilities that are commensurate with the forces the system will defend. The selected equipment must be fully effective in night and adverse weather conditions and defeat all known countermeasures. A series of rigid tests was organized by the U.S. Army's Operational Test and Evaluation Agency (OTEA) and the U.S. Army Air Defence Board. The first in this series began on July 1st of this year.

According to Canadian observers, the trials at Oscura Peak, White Sands, New Mexico, (WSMR) have been conducted with the utmost of professionalism and _ to the chagrin of some candidate system operators _ a high level of realism. Vigorously inducing powerful countermeasures, the Army's Materiel Test and Evaluation Directorate (ARMTE) at WSMR threw ''everything they had at us,'' said a source within one of the candidate teams. Seemingly impervious to almost all deterrents, there are two systems that stand out as overall leaders _ but only one will be selected from the four contenders that have offered the world's best known technology for defending against low altitude attackers.

The British-designed Rapier _ a diplomatically savoury choice, and probably the least expensive _ fell far short of expectations in live firing trials. Paladin, an offering of Euromissile/Hughes, also fared poorly on the range. The newly created Liberty II _ perhaps the most expensive, elaborate and technologically capable system _ performed well overall but will not likely meet the fielding deadlines suggested by the Army. The apparently necessary use of the large, heavy 'FAADS-M1' tank chassis may also be a drawback for Liberty.

Perhaps even before the United States' Thanksgiving Day, the Secretary of the Army will have a final decision on his desk. If the U.S. Army proceeds with a 'go' decision on FAAD L-O-S F-H, it will almost certainly take a page out of the Canadian Low Level Air Defence book and select the North

American-designed Martin Marietta/Oerlikon ADATS. If so, ADATS could become the quintessence of low level air defence for the Western World. At Mach

3-plus, the ADATS missile is passively directed to its target using sophisticated laser guidance control methods. Tracking is accomplished with Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) and television electro-optic systems in even abysmal weather conditions. Keenly interested from the outset, U.S. Army experts provided considerable amounts of data and advice to the Canadian Forces during their Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) procurement program.

CF-LLAD, during its time, was regarded by many as one of the best run projects of its kind. The Canadian Army's project team, under Colonel David Hampson, set a new standard for stringent evaluation and selection. In typical fashion, the Canadians chose to do business with the most technically advanced industrial team having the greatest American constituency. The Canada/U.S. Defence Development and Production Sharing (DDPSA) agreement has resulted in many billions of Canadian defence procurement dollars pouring into the U.S. Such was the case in the $6-billion New Fighter Acquisition (NFA) project (McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet) and literally hundreds of other Canadian defence procurements. Although not even close in scale to the U.S. FAADS program, the CF-LLAD project bought a relatively small number (36) of ADATS units using the same basic gun/missile hybrid concept endorsed by the U.S. Army. The Canadian-selected missile system is mounted on an M113A2 chassis and is augmented by 35 mm GDF-005 Oerlikon guns, whereas the U.S. system will be mounted on the larger Bradley Fighting Vehicle and will carry the

American-built 25 mm Bushmaster gun.

The ADATS system has apparently earned a great amount of respect, and the largest number of evaluation points amongst eligible contenders, from U.S. soldiers and officers at WSMR. Other candidates have recognized the obvious lead taken by the ADATS team and are conducting a massive campaign to upset the process. At this point, FAAD L-O-S F-H is beginning to resemble the DIVADS program, wherein the U.S. Secretary of Defence was put under tremendous pressure to overturn the Sgt. York decision. The political battle in Washington has taken on the appearance of an all-out war. But too much is at stake _ the Army cannot afford to make another mistake. And the North American aspect of ADATS provides powerful persuasion in spite of other political and diplomatic arguments.

First conceived in the late 70's, ADATS was designed by Martin Marietta in co-operation with the renowned Swiss gun maker, Oerlikon Buhrle. Oerlikon, a company which is reputedly an international leader in air defence, had recognized the trend toward missiles in the air defence equipment decisions of the 70's, and turned to the U.S.-based Martin Marietta for their expertise. Martin created ADATS in its Orlando facilities in partnership with Oerlikon. Martin Marietta has exclusive sales and manufacturing rights for the United States as part of the original agreement with the Swiss. Following the sale of ADATS to Canada, Oerlikon created a major manufacturing facility near Montreal, Quebec. Most components of the Canadian ADATS units are built in North America, and an even larger portion of the U.S. system _ more than 85 per cent, including the Bushmaster guns _ will be built on this continent.

Canadians will play a relatively small but significant role in the production of ADATS, and in the necessary research and development work that will be required for its growth. There could conceivably be as much as $750 million in contracts placed in Canada with U.S. and Canadian-owned companies here. U.S.-owned firms in Canada such as Litton, Bendix, Garrett, Hercules and others will play a major role in the Canadian contribution. Canada's own Devtek, General Systems Research, and Spar Aerospace, with its advanced developments in electro-optic systems including FLIR technology, will also add much to the endeavour of producing and growing a North American-made low level air defence system. Amongst all of the U.S./Canadian co-operative defence industrial programs this too would make a world of sense. The beneficiaries will be the North American people. Ultimately, and in every respect, the U.S. Army will be the winner. 

Micheal J. O'Brien



Year End Review 

THE START OF SOMETHING BIG 

It was a remarkable year. On the domestic front, 1987 brought a relatvely new white paper on defence (the first in nearly a generation), a livley debate on the perceived advantages and disadvantages of nuclear-powered attack submarines, a long-awaited order for six follow-on frigates (all from the same shipyard!), a significant upgrading of Canada's Pacific fleet (the first in nearly two decades), a significant upgrading of the northern radar network (the first in nearly three decades), and a host of smaller procurement and re-organization initiatives The year also brought renewed attention to the long-dormant subject of defence industrial preparedness.

For Canada's defence industry, 1987 was dominated by on-going activity on a host of pre-white paper procurement programs (covering everything from small arms to patrol frigates), by initial examination of the short and

long-term opportunities (challenges?) offered by the white paper, and by a series of pivotal export contracts. Numbered among the latter were the French and West German orders for $410-million-worth of CL-289 unmanned airborne surveillance systems from Canadair, a British order for 242 Advanced Integrated MAD (Magnetic Anomaly Detection) systems from CAE Electronics, and last, but certainly not least, the Canadian share of the U.S. Army's potentially massive order for the Oerlikon-Buhrle/Martin Marietta ADATS air defence system. Among the Candian beneficiaries of ADATS' victory in the

hard-fought FAAD LOS-F-H competition were Oerlikon Aerospace, Litton Systems Canada Limited, and Spar Aerospace.

On the international front, the gradual warming trend in East-West relations was reflected in the December summit between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. A media event enveloped in an air of near-euphoria, the Washington summit's almost immediate claim to fame was the signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) agreement, but it also appeared to pave the way for a possible START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks) treaty in the first half of 1988. the START talks hold the key to a potential 50 percent reduction in strategic missile inventories.

Itself a significant and encouraging _ but no means risk-free _ development in arms control diplomacy, the INF treaty would eliminate an entire category of nuclear weapons, including the American Pershing 2 ballistic missile and the BGM-109G ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM), and the Soviet SS-20 ballistic missile. Virtually certain of ratification by the U.S. Senate, the INF treaty will require rigorous _ indeed, unparalleled _ verification procedures. It would also seem to necessitate, as former NATO commander-in-chief Bernard W. Rogers has warned, increased attention to NATO's conventional deterrent.

Rendered even more timely by the INF treaty, the June 5 white paper re-affirmed the Mulroney government's staunch support of collective defence, and unveiled a 15-year game plan for bridging the gap between Canada's declared defence commitments and actual military capabilities. Integral to its vision of a more credible Canadian defence posture were the re-alignment and consolidation of existing NATO commitments, a renewed interest in home defence, a 'vigorous' naval modernization program and a sweeping

re-organization of the Canadian army. The new policy document also outlined a long-term plan to increase the strength of the Primary Reserve from 21,000 to 65,000. The revitalization of the reserves would include the introduction of a genuine

Total Force concept and a reduced distinction between the Regular and Reserve forces.

Dominating much of the white paper _ and most of the discussion and debate it stirred up _ were the government's proposals for the reshaping of the Canadian navy. In place of the existing fleet, which could charitably be described as geriatric, unbalanced and virtually irrelevant to sovereignty and security in the far north, the white paper envisaged a balanced, multi-role fleet capable of operating on all three coasts. In addition to the six

City-class patrol frigates and four Tribal-class destroyers already under construction or conversion, the white paper announced plans for 10 to 12 nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN's), six follow-on patrol frigates, several sonar array towing vessels (similar in concept to the U.S. Navy's SURTASS operation), and 30 or more minor war vessels. Intended primarily for a revitalized and retasked Naval Reserve, the war vessels would be utilized for mine counter-measures, coastal patrol, training, and other sundry tasks. The white paper also proposed a fixed, under-ice surveillance system for the Arctic. Cancelled to make way for this ambitious shopping list were the eight (rather ill-defined) frigates originally projected under phase three of the Ship Replacement Program (SRP III) and the four to twelve,

conventionally-powered submarines (SSK's) that made up the original Canadian Submarine Acquisition Project (CASAP).

Far les spectacular in the eyes of the media and the public, but in many ways more complex, were the plans for the restructuring and expansion of Canada's land forces. Pivotal to these plans was the goverment's decision to shift the focus of the Canadian Air-Sea Transportable (CAST) Brigade Group from northern Norway to southern Germany. Although the CAST Brigade Group (i.e. 5e Groupe-brigade du Canada) would continue to be based in Canada, it would deploy, in time of crisis, to the Central Front. The result would be a two-brigade Division built around 4 Canadian Mechanized Group (4CMBG) _ the formation stationed year-round in Germany _ and 5e Groupe-brigade du Canada (5 GBC). Concomitant steps outlined by the white paper included the

pre-positioning in Germany ''of a large part'' of the CAST Brigade Group's equipment, and the permanent deployment in Germany of selected Divisional elements (i.e. part of the headquarters) and larger logistics and medical support cadres. In addition, the relatively 'light' 5 GBC would be re-equipped with main battle tanks and other equipment as was necessary for the Central Front. Another Canada-based brigade group, the even more lightly equipped 1 CBG, would be upgraded with main battle tanks and other equipment (i.e. LLAD) in order to provide trained augmentation and reinforcement personnel for the division in Germany. The combined needs of the three brigade groups _ and the Combat Training Centre _ were expected to generate a requirement for 200-300 new main battle tanks.

Also unveiled in the white paper was Ottawa's decision to create a new task force for territorial defence/CANUS (Canada-United States) missions. The task force was to include an airborne battle group of approximately regimental size and a light, air-transportable brigade group. These formations would be created by re-organizing and re-equipping the existing Special Service Force (SSF). The white paper also reported that the revitalized and much expanded Militia would ''contribute to defence operations in Canada and elsewhere in North America, and will train replacements for land forces deployed overseas. The Militia will also establish a relatively large force of lightly armed guards to protect military vital points, and make a major contribution to the logistic and medical organizations required to support our consolidated European commitments.''

By comparison with the navy (which now faces the daunting task of assimilating everything from austere MCM vessels to state-of-the-art SSN's) and the army (which now faces massive re-organization and militia expansion programs), the air force's future course of development was not radically altered by the 1987 white paper. This state of affairs reflected both the priority attached to salvaging the navy and reorganizing the army, and the fact that a significant number of air force procurment programs are already well underway (i.e. North American Air Defence Modernization) or nearing completion (i.e. initial procurement of the CF-18). Still, the white paper was by no means devoid of air force or air force-related programs.

In the area of procurement, the white paper unveiled plans to: acquire ''at least'' six additional long-range patrol aircraft (which should take some of the burden off the 18 existing CP-140 Auroras); modernize and re-engine the venerable CP-121 Tracker medium-range patrol aircraft; acquire additional strategic air-lift capacity (which should generate a hefty order for additional CC-130's); acquire CF-18 attrition replacements (probably in the form of 13 ex-American F/A-18's); acquire advanced munitions for the CF-18; and proceed with the coastal extensions of the North Warning System. The white paper also confirmed the requirement for New Shipborne Aircraft (NSA) to replace the aging (and, of late, somewhat cantankerous) CH-124A Sea King. The document made no reference to new tankers, but a pre-white paper requirement for four KC-130's _ primarily to support home-based CF-18's apparently still stands.

The white paper also announced that the commitment of the two Canada-based CF-18 Rapid Reinforcement squadrons (the yet-to-be-formed No. 416 at Cold Lake, Alberta, and No. 433 at Bagotville, Quebec) would be shifted from Northern Norway _ the originally intended deployment area _ to southern Germany. With the commitment of the two CF-18 Rapid Reinforcement squadrons to the Central Front, the three-squadron (Nos. 409, 421, and 439) Air Group currently stationed in Germany would be elevated to Air Division status.

Apart from the fact that it would be expanded and more closely linked with the regular force, the white paper had relatively little to say about the Air Reserve. A useful glimpse of its future evolution has, however, been provided by the commander of Air Command, Lt-Gen. L.A. Ashley, in a recent interview with TWR's sister publication, Aerospace and Defence Technology

. Ashley reported that ''the air reserves will be postured to complement those areas where we have critical operations, such as air lift.'' The ''kind of thing that will emerge is illustrated in Edmonton, where 418 Air Reserve Squadron will be twinned with the regular force 435 Squadron'' and ''share a common pool of C-130 aircraft.'' Another approach would be taken in Winnipeg, where No. 402 Air Reserve Squadron would be ''equipped with the Dash 8 and be twinned with the Air Navigation School to provide the airlift for air nav training.'' 

{H} Assessing the white paper 

Reaction to Canada's first defence white paper since 1971 was predictably varied. Indeed, the casual observer may have concluded that there are as many opinions on the white paper as there are editorial writers, politicians, peace researchers, academics, defence industrialists, and members of the armed forces. A perusal of the most recent assessments of the white paper _ as found in media commentaries, scholarly journals, defence and business publications, and testimony before the Commons and Senate defence committees _ quickly establishes a number of recurring themes. There is, for example, relief that a new white paper has finally appeared, and well-deserved praise of defence minister Perrin Beatty for his determination to provide a successor to the moribund Defence in the Seventies

_ a document which in some major respects was obsolete within three years of its appearance. For the most part, the Mulroney government has garnered high marks for so explicitly acknowledging the commitment-capability gap, for proceeding with commitment rationalization (when it would have been very easy, politically and diplomatically, to acquiesce with the status quo) and for offering a long-term approach to the modernization and restructuring of Canada's armed forces. Although a 15-year plan is necessarily hostage to the vagaries of future elections and changes in the international environment, it offers at least a modicum of continuity and a useful benchmark or baseline for Canadian defence planners.

Also generally well-received has been the white paper's explicit recognition that Canadian security does not start and end on the Central Front or in the mid-Atlantic _ that legitimate security concerns also exist in our territorial waters, in the Arctic, on the North American continent, and in the north east Pacific. The result _ for the first time in many years _ should be a better balance between our NATO commitments in Europe and our NATO, NORAD 'defence of Canada' concerns on this side of the North Atlantic.

In terms of the specific strategies or policies outlined by the white paper, the decision to shift the CAST commitment to the Central Front has naturally drawn disappointment from those who argued _ in some cases quite eloquently _ for a 'northern' approach to Canadian defence policy. In the face of Norway's (understandable) reluctance to sanction the permanent deployment on its soil of foreign troops, most observers have expressed support for the Canadian government's choice of land force consolidation options. Although one could in theory have earmarked a significant Canada-based contingent for north flank reinforcement (i.e. a two-brigade division, replete with additional airlift support and maximum pre-positioning), its 'out-of-sight, out-of-mind' existence, and doubts over whether Canada would really deploy it in time of crisis, could have fostered the impression in Europe that Canada had opted for 'fortress North America' _ with all that might imply in terms of Canadian linkages with with the United States or weakened cohesion within the North Atlantic Alliance.

Also drawing support from most observers were the decisions to create a balanced Canadian navy (although support for more submarines did not necessarily mean support for SSN's), to expand the reserves and implement a true Total Force strategy, and to place renewed emphasis on Defence Industrial Preparedness and defence-related research and development. The decision to create a balanced fleet (i.e. one that has more to offer than ASW frigates) reflects the belated recognition that a single-role, single-type-of-ship navy cannot possibly be responsive to all of Canada's maritime sovereignty and security concerns. 

Shortcomings? 

On the down side, one fairly common complaint was that the white paper spent too little time articulating an indentifiably Canadian perspective on some of the major issues of Western security. Consider, for example, the assessment of John Halsted _ a former Canadian ambassador to NATO _ in the July-August issue of Aerospace Canada International

(the predecessor to Aerospace and Defence Technology

 ''It is true that [the white paper] deals briefly with the international environment in terms of East-West rivalry, and with the military threat to Canadian security in North America and Europe. But it does not really come to grips with such important questions as the compatibility between NATO stratgey and arms control objectives, the impact on NATO doctrine of the U.S. shift from reliance on MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction) to a countervailing nuclear strategy, and the implications of SDI (Strategic Defence Initiative) for Canada's defence posture and priorities.''

Another frequently-heard observation is that the white paper's rhetoric is, in some cases, too harsh and too 'Cold War'-like, that its 'military threat' section too closely resembles a Canadian version of the Pentagon's Soviet Military Power

. Some may reject such assessments as the misguided musings of the peace movement, but it should be noted that similar concerns have been voiced by more moderate, highly-respected Canadian defence commentators. In a collection of white paper reviews published by the non-partisan Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA), for example, Professor R.B. Byers suggests that ''while the 1971 defence white paper presented too benign an assessment of East-West relations, it may well be that that the 1987 white paper has erred in the opposite direction. This could have the effect of unnecessarily calling into question subsequent sections [of the 1987 white paper] which address changes in defence commitments and future requirements.''

A thought-provoking critique of the white paper has also been provided by Brigadier-General (Ret'd) George C. Bell _ the president of the Canadian Institute for Strategic Studies (CISS) _ in a recent appearance before the Special Committee of the Senate on National Defence. Although Dr. Bell commended the Prime Minister and the Minister of National Defence for providing Canadians with ''a reasonably comprehensive framework of defence policy,'' he expressed concern over a ''number of specific deficiencies in the areas of naval forces, air forces and military space policy.'' The white paper's ''most serious omissions,'' however, were to be found ''in the areas of Regular Force manpower, military modernization for periods beyond 30 days and the scope of emergency legislation.'' Bell noted that: ''Nowhere in the white paper is the size of the Regular Force mentioned. Although informal soundings indicate that the Regular Force might grow from its present ceiling of approximately 84,700 to 90,000 within the 15-year planning period, informed commentators must be concerned about the apparent insufficiency of the Regular Force. Even if it reaches 90,000, it is likely to be unable to provide the training and support infrastructure and integrated personnel in Reserve units which are essential to achieve major growth in the Reserves from current levels of 90,000 (65,000 Primary Reserve and 25,000 Supplementary Reserve).'' Bell suggested that ''if the increase in the Regular Force is not increased well beyond the 90,000 indicated, the net benefit in increased overall force capabilities is likely to be far less than a surface look at the white paper would suggest.''

Another recurring theme, inevitably, has been the white paper's adoption of a two percent-plus funding formula (i.e. ''a base rate of annual real growth in the defence budget of two percent per year after inflation,'' plus occasional extra infusions as major capital programs are introduced). Although this approach could be made to work _ assuming that the two percent figure is a floor and not a ceiling, and that the extra infusions beyond the two percent will amount to more than $1.98 _ it was not as generous as the Department of National Defence had hoped. In the current fiscal environment, however, it is difficult to see how the Department could have done any better.

The major controversy unleashed by the white paper has, of course, centred on the proposed acquisition of nuclear-powered attack submarines. This is potentially the most significant procurement decision in the history of Canadian defence policy _ and one which should be rightly subjected to the most rigorous and penetrating analysis. One barrier to meaningful discussion of the SSN option, however, is the mistaken impression in some editorial, foreign policy analysis, and U.S. Navy circles that the raison d'etre of a Canadian SSN fleet would the checking of passports at the entrance of the Northwest Passage.

While SSN's would indeed bring an important new dimension to Arctic sovereignty, they cannot and should not be assessed on that basis alone. Rather, the SSN proposal must be evaluated in the context of what it would bring to the entire spectrum of Canadian (and Alliance) maritime missions. This means looking at both sovereignty and security, and the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. It also means looking at the other equipment options for a late 20th-early 21st century navy. One must also give the utmost consideration to the possible arms control and other implications of an SSN acquisition program. Although some of the arms control and other criticisms (such as fear of linkage, however indirect, with the U.S. Navy's controversial Maritime Strategy) which have been directed at the proposed SSN program may appear exaggerated to some SSN proponents, they must be clearly and satisfactorily addressed if the program is to garner the support of Canadians.

That still leaves, of course, the question of cost _ or, more accurately, cost-effectiveness. Given the military attributes of SSN's (i.e. speed, endurance and the unparalleled ability to shift Canadian naval resources around the three coasts without using the Panama Canal) and the costs of possible alternatives, an SSN fleet for $8 billion or so would be very cost-effective. It would still be cost effective at a cost in excess of $8 billion. If, however, an SSN program threatens to approach the truly frightening worst case scenarios postulated by some observers, it would be difficult to support. It is conceivable that the currently projected overall defence budget might still be able to cope, but the risk would be a seriously distorted defence establishment (i.e. one with too little money for the other branches of the navy, not to mention the army and the air force). In 1988, consequently, one can expect SSN cost-estimating to be a continuing national pastime.

Also at issue, although something of a 'sleeper' at this point, is the continuing tasking of both of the CF-18 Rapid Reinforcement squadrons in the flyover role (albeit to Germany rather than to Norway). More than a few observers had hoped that the government would use at least one of the CF-18 Rapid Reinforcement squadrons to bolster the modest, two-squadron force dedicated to home defence (plus, in crisis, the CF-18 operational training squadron). The rationale for an increase in the dedicated home defence fleet was not predicated on a desire to recreate the massive RAF interceptor force of the 1950's. It did, however, rest on four basic assumptions: (a) that the peacetime interceptor mission of providing ''unambiguous confirmation'' of radar data was becoming more important in an age of cruise missiles; (b) that two dedicated squadrons seemed a rather modest force for a country the size of Canada; (c) that additional CF-18's could be multi-tasked to perform such missions as sea denial (i.e., with Harpoon) and reconnaissance; and (d) that using additional Canada- (and Iceland-?) based CF-18's to help extend

land-based air cover out over the North Atlantic could conceivably be of more use to NATO than two more fighter squadrons in southern Germany. Another irony of the continued tasking of both CF-18 squadrons in the flyover role was that it would mean sending Canadian fighter reinforcements to Europe at the very time _ during a crisis _ when the United States would be seeking to deploy USAF fighter reinforcements in Canada. 

The NDP Position Paper 

On 30 July, the New Democratic Party unveiled its conception of a viable Canadian defence policy. Entitled Canadian Sovereignty, Security and Defence: A New Democratic Response to the White Paper,  it reaffirmed the long-standing NDP desire to withdraw Canada from NORAD and NATO but, ironically, it outlined a force structure which could conceivably be very useful in a NORAD or NATO context. Thus, although it would repatriate the Canadian contingents in Germany, it offered an impressive shopping list. For the navy, it would provide up to 18 patrol frigates, up to 12 conventionally-powered submarines, an unstated number of mine counter-measures and coastal patrol vessels, and an under-ice surveillance system in the Arctic. For the air force, the NDP position paper envisaged the acquisition of a New Shipboard Aircraft, additional airlift capacity, an expanded fleet of patrol aircraft and 'Canadian-controlled' AWACS aircraft. At the close of 1987, there were indications that the New Democratic Party was reassessing _ although not necessarily changing _ its position on withdrawal from NORAD and NATO. If it does modify its stance on this issue _ and if it retains the shopping list outlined in its position paper _ the New Democratic Party's defence policy would be eminently more marketable to mainstream Canadian public opinion. 

 Life Beyond the White Paper 

Although Perrin Beatty's white paper and the issues it raised almost completely dominated the defence agenda during 1987, there were a host of lesser _ but still significant _ developments. For Canada's air force, the year was marked by the handover of the first CC-142 Dash 8 by de Havilland Canada, by the award of the CF-5 update contract to Bristol Aerospace (although it was no doubt a bittersweet experience to the latter), by the selection _ in principle _ of the EH Industries EH 101 for the crucial New Shipborne Aircraft (NSA) requirement, and by a well-publicized CF-18 engine problem (i.e., uncontained engine compressor failures with a potential for engine or engine compartment fires). The difficulty resulted in a temporary suspension of CF-18 deliveries in early November. CF-18 deliveries were resumed on 17 November following discussions between the Canadian government, McDonnell Douglas and General Electric, and the identification of an acceptable modification package. In other equipment developments during 1987, Innotech Aviation was awarded a contract for the modification of three Canadair CE-144 Challengers to an interim electronic warfare standard, and Kelowna Flight Group Limited was awarded a $10.9-million contract for the

CC-109 Cosmopolitan avionics update.

For Canada's air force, 1987 also saw the activation of two more CF-18 squadrons (No. 441 at Cold Lake and No. 433 at Bagotville), the awarding of the operations and maintenance contract for the North Warning System (to Frontec Logistics Corporation of Edmonton), the activation of the North Warning System's first AN/FPS-117 long-range radars, the closure of the bulk of the remaining CADIN-Pinetree Line radar stations in the interior of Canada, and the selection of the five CF-18 Forward Operating Locations (i.e., Inuvik, Yellowknife, Rankin Inlet, Iqualuit [Frobisher Bay] and Kuujjuag [Fort Chimo]). Not co-incidentally, Canadian and American fighter squadrons also did land office business intercepting an inordinate number of Soviet Bear aircraft.

For the navy, 1987 saw the handover to MIL Davie of HMCS Algonquin

, the first of the four DDH-280 Tribal-class destroyers to undergo conversion to the ambitious TRUMP (Tribal-class Update and Modernization Project) configuration. Although the destroyers modified under TRUMP would retain a secondary ASW (anti-submarine) capability, their primary role would become anti-air warfare (AAW). Also noteworthy were the official 'placing in dock' ceremony (i.e., the modular equivalent of 'laying the keel') for the first of the City-class patrol frogates (HMCS Halifax) and, of course, the decision to award the contract for all six of the follow-on batch (HMC Ships Montreal, Fredericton, Winnipe, Charlottetown, St. John's and Ottawa) to Saint John Shipbuilding Limited. In organizational terms, 1987 brought the commissioning of two more Naval Reserve units in Quebec (HMCS Radisson in Trois Rivieres and HMCS D'Iberville in Rimouski), the formal activation of the new Maritime Coastal Defence Organization in Halifax (although it was an organization with something less than an abundance of physical assets) and, most important, the first substantial augmentation of Canada's Pacific fleet in almost two decades. The upgrading of the Pacific fleet _ which unlike its east coast counterpart did not have any helicopters or air-capable frigates or destroyers _ reflected the decision to transfer HMCS Huron Tribal-class destroyer, to Esquimalt in return for the transfer to Halifax of the Improved Restigouche-class frigate HMCS Gatineau. Also transferred to the west coast were four Sea King helicopters from HS 443 Squadron. The Sea Kings would operate from HMCS Huron and from HMCS Provider the Pacific fleet's veteran operational support ship.

A year of less obvious change for Canada's land forces, 1987 was marked by the award of a $19.2-million contract to Invar Manufacturing to produce TOW turrets (for the M113) under license from Thune-Eureka of Norway, and by on-going negotiations with France for the co-production of the advanced Eryx anti-armor weapon. Both moves promised to fill major gaps in Canada's anti-armor inventory. In organizational moves, the Royal Canadian Dragoons _ the armored regiment attached to 4CMBG in Germany _ returned to Canada for the first time in 17 years. Taking its place in Germany _ and its Leopard C1 main battle tanks _ were the 8th Canadian Hussars from CFB Petawawa. Also announced was the decision to increase the size of the Canadian contingent serving with the United Nations peacekeeping force in Cyprus. Reservists, the 60 additional soldiers would help to compensate for the withdrawal of the Swedish contingent. The increase would bring the number of Canadian military personnel on active peacekeeping duty _ in Cyprus and elswhere in the Middle East _ to almost 1,000. 

{H} The Year Ahead 

The new year should bring a host of announcements as Canadian defence planners grapple with the initial implementation of Perrin Beatty's white paper (and with more than a few carry-over programs from the pre-white paper period). Although target dates could well change, the army programs that will attract the most attention during 1988 are the Heavy Logistics Vehicle (which may see contract award by March), TCCCS (the RFP for the first phase of which should appear by early-to-mid year), the main battle tank replacement (with the possibility of project definition approval by May or June), the Close Air Defence Weapon System (with an RFP possible in the spring or summer), the light armored vehicle/light armored utility vehicle (with an RFP likely before the end of 1988). For the army, 1988 should also bring the first LLAD deliveries, and more detailed information on the new Divisional structure in Germany (i.e., the location of the proposed fourth manoeuvre unit for 4CMBG).

For the navy, the pivotal development _ now that work is underway or committed on CFP, SRP II and TRUMP _ will centre on the selection of the 'country of origin' for the SSN program. This decision should appear relatively early in 1988. It is hoped, as well, that there will be solid news regarding mine-countermeasures vessels and new naval auxiliary vessels. On a nostalgic note, 1988 will also see the honourable retirement _ as personnel are released for training on the City-class _ of several of Canada's veteran steam-driven frigates. That these vessels lasted until 1988 is high praise for the people who designed them over the past three decades. It also speaks volumes about the lack of continuity in Canadian naval procurement, but that is another story...

For the air force, 1988 will bring continued progress on the NSA program, delivery of the last of the 138 original CF-18's, closure of the final CADIN-Pinetree Line radar stations, activation of additional AN/FPS-117 sites, activation of the eighth and final CF-18 squadron (No. 416 at Cold Lake), removal of the CF-5 from the NATO flyover role, and further refinement of the plans for the operation and staffing of the CF-18 Forward Operating Locations. Also expected to appear is the RFP for the Canadian Forces Light Helicopter (CFLH). One hopes, as well, that there will be solid developments with regard to the four proposed KC-130's, to the proposed expansions of the strategic airlift and long-range patrol fleets, and to the long-term modernization of the search and rescue fleet. At the present time, SAR modernization seems likely to involve variants of the EH 101 and the C-130, although there are proponents of a mixed C-130/Dash-8 fixed-wing fleet. Also worthy of close attention will be the Tracker update program. The latter promises to generate some very interesting questions. How extensive, for example, should the update be? Should any further privatization of the Tracker's fisheries surveillance duties _ which seem to enjoy very high levels of public support _ be sanctioned?

With all of these issues and developments _ and a federal election looming in the background _ 1988 should be a very interesting year. 



MINI-SHUFFLE IN MARITIME COMMAND 

NDHQ recently announced promotions and appointments for several senior officers within Maritime Command. Commodore Tim Porter (49) _ formerly Chief of Staff, Personnel in Halifax _ has been promoted to Rear-Admiral and appointed Chief of Staff, Maritime Command, Halifax, replacing the recently retired Rear-Admiral Mifflin. Commodore Charles Knight (56) has been promoted to Rear-Admiral and appointed Surgeon General at NDHQ. Captain Ed Bowkette (53), formerly Director, Submarine Engineering and Maintenance, has been promoted to Commodore and appointed Director General, Submarine Engineering and Maintenance. Captain Bruce Baxter (48) will replace Captain Dent Harrison as CASAP SSN Project Manager on on January 15. Harrison will become Director, Marine and Electrical Engineering. 

CANADAIR AWARDED CHALLENGER MAINTENANCE CONTRACT 

Canadair Inc., a subsidiary of Bombardier Inc., announced recently that it had been awarded a contract to provide Challenger maintenance for the Department of National Defence's fleet of 15 Challenger aircraft. The initial contract is worth $4.9 million and is for a period of 27 months, with an option for an additional two years. As manufacturer, Canadair provides support for DND Challengers including training, bilingual manuals, technical supp ort, spare partds and field service representatives. Under the contract Canadair will alos provide periodic inspections, modifications, repair, overhaul and mobile repair parties for all DND Challenger aircraft. DND operates four Challenger 601s and four Challenger 600s as administrati ve transport for government personnel, head os state, foreign dignitaries, and royalty. Seven Challenger 600s are being equipped to serve as electronic support and training aircraft. 

FIRST CANADIAN STIR SYSTEM UNITS DELIVERED FOR CPF 

Canadian Marconi Company announced recently that it had completed delivery to Paramax Elelctronics of a dual SIGNAAL Tracjing and Illumination Radar (STIR) system, the first ''below decks'' equipment to be built in its entirety in Canada. The system, including the SIGNAAL-built antennas, successfully completed integration and test at Canadian Marconi's Radar Division in Kanata, Ontario. Paramax Electronics is the prime contractor for the integration of military electronic systems for the Canadian frigate program. 

LLAD OPTICAL ENCODER ASSEMBLY PROTOTYPE DELIVERED 

Bendix Avelex Inc. announced recently that the company had delivered, ahead of schedule, the first production prototype of the Air Defence Anti-Tank System (ADATS) Optical Encoder to Martin-Marietta as part of the Canadian Forces - Low Level Air Defence (CF-LLAD) program. The Optical Encoder will encode the CO{0I} 2{0E} laser beam for the guidance of the ADATS beam-riding missile . Through this program, Avelex says, it will have established a fully qualified production line for the encoder, making the company a contender for large -scale encoder requirements of the U.S. Army Forward Area Air Defence System (FAADS) program. Oerlikon Aerospace Inc. of Canada, prime contractor for the CF-LLAD contract, will be supplying the first assembled ADATS in October 1988. 

APC CONVERSION CONTRACT AWARDED TO MIL 

After several delays, DSS has finally awarded a contract for the upgrading of Canada's fleet of M113 armoured personnel carriers. The $4 million contract to upgrade between 151 and 170 APCs was awarded to MIL, which will perform the work at MIL-Vickers in Montreal. The company says the contract will maintain 20 jobs for four years. Another contender for the contract , Atlantic Defence Industries Limited, wasn't left completely out in the cold _ the company will build 421 fuel tanks as part of the upgrade. ADIL, a joint venture between FMC Cor poration of California, manufacturer of the APC, and several Nova Scotian business people, had hoped to win the entire contract, but will have to settle for the $3.2 million contract for the fuel tanks. While it's anticipated that the contract will create 25 jobs for two years, it's not yet clear where the work will be done. ADIL president Andrew MacArthur says he's hoping to set up shop in the former Acadian Distillers plant which closed last year. 

CALENDAR 

January 21, 1988 _ The Canadian Defence Preparedness Association will hold its annual general meeting and conference at the Chateau Laurier Hotel in Ottawa. The one -day conference, ''Canadian Defence Industrial Preparedness,'' will feature an address on the report of the Defence Industrial Preparedness Task Force by Colonel Cal Hegge, leader of the T ask Force, and three panel discussions: ''CF Structure Requirements and Mobilization Considerations ,'' ''Industrial Benefits and the Enhancement of Defence Industrial Preparedness,'' and ''Industry Reactions to the White Paper: Impacts.'' The Honourable Michel C“t‚, Minister of Supply and Service s will be the luncheon speaker. For more information, contact Mark Fleiszer at (613) 235-5337. 

68303ADB01.BILL.TWRP.12-

Comment: 

CF-LLAD _ THE POST CONTRACT ERA 

The air threat to NATO land forces in Europe has become increasingly potent as the ability of low flying attackers to launch weapons from great distances has been enhanced by Soviet technological innovations. Concern since the late 1970's has turned to outright alarm within NATO planning circles as futuristic threat scenarios include some very ugly Soviet weaponry and tactics. Current trends toward nuclear disarmament point to the day when it will be necessary to fight to the bloody finish with conventional weapons if the Soviets were to invade western Europe. Recognizing that NATO air superiority is unlikely, the U.S. has struggled but failed for years to field its own modern air defence system. Perpetuation of this disturbing lack of deterrence could have a destabilizing effect in Europe. To sum up the situation one could safely say that NATO, as equipped, could not cope with the Soviet air threat in a conventional war. The problem, including the disastrous DIVAD project, has bred some fierce competition and some uproarious public comment. The stage was set for controversy.

Remarkably, Canada, in its own unassuming way, has taken a notable lead in providing a structured and effective air defence for its

European-based troops, paved the way for a solution to the Americans' tough air defence problem, pointed out the appropriate technological solutions for other NATO armies, and cut itself into the game with a sizeable stake in the industrial fortunes. But not without 'rocking and rolling' the nation, the air defence market, more than a few corporations, and who knows how many politicians and politocrats.

In April of 1986 then Associate Minister of National Defence Harvie Andre announced that the federal government intended to award Canada's hotly contested Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) contract to Oerlikon Buhrle of Zurich, Switzerland. Shortly afterwards, on June 17, the newly formed Canadian subsidiary Oerlikon Aerospace turned sod in Saint Jean-Sur-Richelieu for what has become a prime 16,000 square meter integration facility for ADATS. The new plant was opened on September 21, 1987, and a commitment of continued development and additional employment was made to a bevy of politicians and military officials. The company would build additional facilities and continue to hire. But a faint shadow cast itself over the exhilarating news. The area's Member of Parliament, Mr. Andre Bissonette, was conspicuous by his absence.

The local MP's much publicized 'land deal' brought him trouble with the RCMP and with his boss, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, who had swiftly fired Bissonette from his junior cabinet post. NDP leader Ed Broadbent asked the rhetorical question, ''When is integrity going to become the rule of public business for this government instead of the exception.'' The House of Parliament was in uproar for days and the Mulroney government suffered immense damage. An interesting account of the 'affair' can be found in Claire Hoy's book, Friends In High Places

, (Key Porter Books Limited ISBN1-55013-047-1). Whether Mr. Bissonette (who pleads innocence) committed any wrongdoing or not has yet to be decided by Quebec courts.

Ironically, other markets have dismissed the noisy Canadian controversies as silliness (if not madness) and on November 30, 1987, Oerlikon and its industrial teammates won the most coveted prize of all _ the U.S. Army's multi-billion dollar FAAD L-O-S F-H competition. Now in the final stages of negotiation, it is expected that the FAAD contract will call initially for four systems with a follow on option for an additional 166. The first four ADATS units will be used by the Army for it's customary Production Evaluation Phase and to select various minor options. A monumental win, the sole source agreement with the U.S. has a powerful psychological effect on all air defence competitions around the globe. ADATS, virtually unrivalled as the quintessential air defence system of the 90's, will earn sizeable and profitable revenues for its Swiss creators and their Canadian and U.S. corporate partners.

Irrespective of these recent contracts, Oerlikon Buhrle has not fared well. Losing some 90 million francs (Swiss) in 1986 after a modest profit of 37 million francs in 1985, the company is expected to show some red in fiscal '87. Forecasts for 1988 look brighter. According to various financial press reports, Oerlikon Buhrle has invested some 700 to 800 million francs (Swiss) in the development and marketing of ADATS and won't immediately recover its costs. Company shares trading on the Zurich stock exchange ranged from a November high of 1,300 francs to a recent low of 845 francs. News accounts of the FAAD competition were not helpful. Various media reported incorrectly that the company's competitor had actually won the FAAD contest. Fueled with gossip from angry (losing) air defence marketers, the general press in North America contained mixed messages.

Oerlikon Buhrle CEO, Ditre Buhrle, must have been rolling his eyes. He and the company's president-to-be, Michael Funk, may be the only persons with sufficient vision and the appropriate data at hand to anticipate the impact of their staggering victory. The company, historically an international leader in air defence gun systems since World War II, has at least a three year lead on all potential comers to the modern air defence marketplace. In that time, hundreds of systems will be sold, fetching billions of dollars in revenue. It is no wonder that the firm's wise old leader has elected to enjoy some well earned R&R and retire from his leadership role, taking a less active position as chairman of Oerlikon's board of directors. He leaves the reins in the capable hands of the bright, young Michael Funk.

For the Canadian military, the post-contract period has been a busy one. The CAF has reactivated three Air Defence Batteries for the first time since World War II as part of an implementation plan for integration of its new air defence system: an ADATS missile and GDF-005 35 mm gun mix. On November 27, 1987 Defence Minister Perrin Beatty signed a Ministerial Organizational Order (MOO) that immediately created a new Canadian regiment dedicated exclusively to defending both Canadian air bases (Lahr and

Baden-Soellingen) and the 4th Canadian Mechanized Brigade (4 CMBG) in West Germany. The 4 AD Regiment RCA (Air Defence Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery) will consist of 127 Battery, 128 Battery, 129 Battery, and 4 Air Defence Workshop. The workshop will be staffed with 70 officers, technicians and engineers and will be sufficiently equipped to provide complete second line maintenance and a significant number of third line maintenance functions for the equipment of all three of the regiment's Batteries.

Lieutenant-Colonel Randall C. Stowell, effective with promotion on January 1, 1988, is the commanding officer of the newly formed, self-sufficient, air defence regiment. Regimental headquarters have been co-located with Canadian Forces Europe (CFE) HQ, and 1 Canadian Air Group (1 CAG) HQ at the Caserne in Lahr, West Germany. Currently 135 strong, the regiment will reach its full peacetime strength of 640 personnel by 1990. Present equipment assigned to the three batteries includes 42 40 mm Bofors Boffin guns and 40 Blowpipe missile launchers. Deliveries of the new air defence system from contractor Oerlikon Buhrle will begin in 1988 with the GDF-005 35 mm gun. ADATS deliveries are planned for the following year. Said CO Stowell about his new command, ''We have carefully evaluated our existing air defence equipment resource and have formulated a program that maintains maximum air defence capability from now through the first and final phases of ADATS introduction. At no time will there be a deficiency in capability as we integrate the new systems.''

Both 128 (Baden) and 129 (Lahr) Air Defence Batteries will receive eight of the new 35 mm gun systems, four Skyguard radar systems, and four ADATS. Defending 4 CMBG and based at Lahr, 127 Air Defence Battery will receive 12 ADATS and will retain 15 Blowpipe units to be replaced eventually by a weapon selected by the Close Air Defence Weapons System (CADWS) project. As the Boffin guns are replaced by the new anti-air attack system, they will be reassigned to Canadian naval reserve units for use aboard a planned batch of Mine Counter Measure Vessels (MCMV). In total 4 AD Regiment will receive 20 ADATS units. The remaining portion of the 36 ADATS ordered by the CAF will be assigned to 119 Battery at Chatham, New Brunswick (12) and to the Air Defence Training School (3) also at Chatham. One complete ADATS unit will be designated as operational logistics stock.

There have been rumors about possible increases in the Canadian order for ADATS to supply the 1 Canadian Brigade Group (1 CBG) headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. 1 CAG has been given a new lease on life by the white paper which suggests that the brigade will play a greater role in supporting 4 CMBG in Europe. Obviously, 1 CBG would have to be equipped with like equipment in order that troops be fully trained and ready for action in Germany, should their support be required.

Canadian Armed Forces air defence planners have carefully orchestrated every detail in their quest for a smooth and effective introduction of their long overdue air defence gear. Commanding Officer LCol. Stowell is said to be a leading expert in operational aspects of modern low level air defence doctrine. Stowell entered Royal Military College in Kingston during 1967 and was commissioned in 1971. In 1973 he was promoted to the rank of Captain and his postings included 1 CBG HQ, 4 CMBG West Germany and in 1979, to the United Kingdom with the British Army. He trained there to become one of the few Air Defence Artillery Officer/Instructors of the CAF. In 1983, Stowell attended Canadian Forces Staff College, Toronto and, in 1984, was assigned for three years to the Project Management Office, Low Level Air Defence (PMO LLAD) under project manager Col. (retired) David Hampson and program director Col. Glen Decker. As commanding officer of 4 AD Regiment, Stowell will report directly to the Commander, Canadian Forces Europe.

Stowell's promotion is the third of its kind for senior project officers who left PMO LLAD in 1987 after the contract award milestone. Former Lieutenant-Commander Bruce Richardson has since been promoted to the rank of Commander and John Wattes has been promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel _ in all, a true credit to the army and its project team. Retired Colonel David Hampson, who managed the LLAD project alongside Colonel Glen Decker, has earned the praise of military peers and industry observers alike. Even losing bidders compliment the PMO LLAD team. Surprisingly, the man who received only criticism and yet deserved the highest accolades was Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.

Mulroney had in fact made one of the most fascinating decisions in Canadian defence procurement history. He supported the military's experts, who were willing to take a considerable risk in a brand new, high-tech system that promised substantial, top quality industrial benefits for the nation's industry. The political storm that brewed through the short-list selection period was ferocious. Mulroney resisted incredibly strong persuasion that encouraged dumping the recommendation of DND's technical experts. Within cabinet there appeared to be five different views that ranged from practical political considerations to outrageous business deals. Mulroney arbitrated in cabinet, held talks with lobbying dignitaries from other nations, and turned away from easy street to support the choice of the military and various other government departments. Nothing has come to light since that time to suggest that the PM took anything short of an insightful and correct decision. The clobbering that Mulroney received _ for a decision that was resoundingly vindicated by the U.S. FAAD project _ is a great injustice remaining unreconciled in the LLAD post-contract period. The record should be amended. 

Micheal J. O'Brien






FAADS CONTRACT SIGNED 

Oerlikon Aerospace's ADATS has been given the nod by the U.S. Army with an initial contract for five fire units which the Army will use for ''extensive operational tests before going into full production.'' In a statement issued on Friday afternoon by the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) at Redstone Arsenal, the Army announced that it plans to begin pre-production testing of ADATS with a refurbished fire unit that was used during last year's competitive test program. The Army will purchase this unit and start the firing tests as early as April of this year. An additional four units are to be supplied by the contractor between January and April of 1989. The Army will conduct the tests at ranges in New Mexico and California. This is the first phase of the U.S. program to acquire 170 ADATS units to protect front line U.S. soldiers from attack by enemy fixed and rotary winged aircraft. The Army says that it intends to purchase as many as 562 ADATS systems for deployment in the U.S., Europe and South Korea.

The ADATS missile system _ a laser-guided, Mach 3-plus air defence weapon _ was selected in April of 1986 by the Canadian Forces (CF) for its Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) program and in November of 1987 by the U.S. Army for the Line-Of-Sight Forward-Heavy (L-O-S F-H) portion of it's Forward Area Air Defence (FAAD) project. Martin Marietta's Electronics and Missile Group of Orlando, Florida will be the prime contractor for the U.S. project with Oerlikon Aerospace serving as the primary subcontractor. For the Canadian project their roles are reversed. Oerlikon Aerospace is the prime LLAD contractor. First deliveries to the Canadian Forces are expected to begin in October of this year. Oerlikon Aerospace of Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, Quebec, will build the first 60 units for the U.S. project and is under contract to build 36 units for the Canadian Armed Forces. Emile Laroche, FAADS Project Manager for Oerlikon Aerospace, says that he expects the value of present and forthcoming U.S. Army contracts to total more than $1 billion. 

TRADE SHOW: NUCLEAR SUBMARINES _ MCMV'S _ FRIGATES 

Nuclear Submarine salesmen have recently been fighting for the attention of prospective buyers in competition with naval powerplant, weapon and surface warship vendors. The Canadian Maritime Industries Association (CMIL) held its annual technical conference along side the Canadian Shipbuilding & Offshore Exhibition in the first two days of this week at the Queen Elizabeth hotel in Montreal. With more than 40 exhibitors at the show and over 800 delegates from across the country and around the world, the combined events have created a significant milestone for the nation's shipbuilding industry. All day Tuesday, technical papers were presented at a series of seminars and meetings. Said the president of the Association, ''It's the best set of papers that has been presented in ages. There is a very strong emphasis on components of the white paper. There are two or three papers on TRUMP, several related to the Canadian Patrol Frigate and an interesting paper by Vosper Thornycroft from the U.K. about their recent design of fiberglass, totally silent, mine counter measure ships for the Royal Navy.''

High profile exhibitors at the show included: Marine Industries Limited, Saint John Shipbuilding, Paramax, Litton, Siemens, Krupp MaK, CGE, the two companies competing in CASAP SSN, SNA and VSEL and a plethora of large and small government agencies and departments. It seems that the biggest question on the minds of attendees was ''Will the government really buy a fleet of nuclear submarines, and if so which design will they choose?'' Others were content to muse about who will build the first batch of Mine Counter Vessels (MCMV's) and ''To what shipyard will the second pair of Tribal-class vessels go for their updating and modernization.'' The atmosphere at the conference was alive with the enthusiasm of an industry which collectively and apparently feels it has at long last been acknowledged after more than two decades of neglect. Whether speaking to a shipbuilder or an accoutrement supplier, there is one concern that is shared in common by most, if not all, in this industry _ the diminishing size of Canada's merchant fleet and thus the lost ability to supply Canadian troops overseas.

TWR interviewed Mr. James Y. Clarke, president of CMIA (formerly The Canadian Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing Association, the organization was renamed the Canadian Maritime Industries Association on the November 23, 1987). ''I have reviewed the DSS report, 'The Defence Industrial Base Review of '87'; a speech given by the Honorable Michel C“t‚ to the Defence Preparedness Association on January 21; and the more recently released report from the Department of National Defence called 'Defence Industrial Preparedness: A Foundation for Defence.' These reports are good, they are very good. They spell out what Canada should be thinking about in terms of meeting its fair share of military commitments to itself, North America, and NATO.

''The DSS report zeroes in on procurement and procurement difficulties that might be experienced in the event of tensions building up to the point where hostilities break out. It talks about the marshalling of necessary industrial sectors to keep the stocks of supplies flowing to the Canadian Armed Forces. This is, as explained in the report, within the mandate of the Department of Supply and Services. It is a good report but it merely goes as far as submitting recommendations to provide the necessary supplies when needed. There is no mention of the transportation logistics. That has not been addressed definitively and serious questions have not been answered. This matter was not referred to by either Mr. Cote or Minister Beatty in their speeches to the CDPA and CDA respectively.

''The DND's report is also very good. It takes over from the procurement side and deals with the tactical and strategic necessities of supplies, as far as the armed forces themselves are concerned. It's a good document and I think Colonel Hegge and his group did an excellent job, but it does not address the requirement to get what, in real life terms, are massive amounts of material and supplies from Canada or any other place in North America, to where the action is likely to be. We are talking about a scenario wherein conventional hostilities are breaking out somewhere in the European continent _ a modern day version of the World War II convoy system. Prior to WW II, Canada had a large Canadian-flagged merchant fleet. It was not organized as a fleet, but indeed there was a large number of ships owned by Canadians and bearing 'total-registration-type' loyalty to Canada. They could be commandeered in an emergency, as a lot of them were, to form convoys for transportation of cargoes to the UK and the European continent.

''We have no such fleet. Somewhere between 25 and 30 vessels are deep sea ships, but most are single purpose designs such as bulk ore carriers. They would not be the kind of ships you would want to have supplying an army. I don't have the exact numbers but your (TWR interviewer) suggestion of 8 might be optimistic. If one approaches this logically, in terms of any possible future conflict, the number of ships we would require would be that number that would allow us to provide the necessary minimum supplies to our troops on the other side of the ocean and to make up for early losses to enemy submarines or aircraft or other enemy activity. It is just not imaginable how we could replace the ships lost in the first few days and probably from the first convoy that tries to supply our troops.

''None of these studies address this huge problem of marine transportation logistics, which is utterly essential to the survival of our armed forces if they are called upon to fight anywhere other than in Canada. I am heartened by the fact that, very belatedly, the question of the strategic reserve of sea lift in support of the American armed forces has come to the fore in the last three or four months. Their merchant marine commission had six recommendations, four of which directly addressed the sea lift in support of national security. That was September 30 of last year, and since then it has come to a final report stage and has been released. It is now drawing praise from the thinking people in the U.S.''

What's the solution to the Canadian problem? _ we asked Mr. Clarke. ''I would say that the first step would be to go back to the Sletmo report of the early 80's _ the last definitive study done under the auspices of the Minister of Transport on a Canadian flagged deep sea fleet. We have got to make it economical for Canadian ship owners and operators to register their ships in Canada and to develop, maybe not a government organized merchant marine, but at least a fleet of ships registered in Canada that are available to Canada. If we are really going to listen and understand what Minister Beatty is saying in terms of defence preparedness, then the Canadian government should be subsidizing, to the extent necessary, Canadian shipyards, to build ships on 'spec.' If the government wants to buy them, then fine, the government can own the ships and lease them out to operators, but they are there and available in the event of an emergency. No such program has been talked about that I know of.'' 





NEW MILESTONES FOR ADATS 

Last Thursday at 4:30 PM, Oerlikon Aerospace of Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu signed the initial contract for the U.S. FAADS project with Martin Marietta. The Bethesda, Maryland-based Martin Marietta concluded terms earlier this year to provide the U.S. Army with the first phase elements of the FAAD L-O-S F-H project. The Martin/Oerlikon contract calls for subcontractor Oerlikon Aerospace to provide, by lease, a refurbished unit from the White Sands firing tests to enable the U.S. Army to commence pre-production evaluations. Additionally, Oerlikon will supply four ADATS units, appropriate spares, logistics and training. A contract for 50 to 60 missile was to be concluded this week. The refurbished (Canadian built ''Pathfinder'') pre-production unit must be delivered to the U.S. this spring. The new ADATS units will be delivered to the U.S. commencing early 1989 and concluding in the spring of that year.  

Oerlikon Aerospace and Canada's Department of National Defence have finalized negotiations for changes to the Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) contract originally signed in June 1986. The company will supply a gun/missile mix consisting of 37 ADATS fire units (and missiles) on the M113A2, the GDF-005 35 mm gun with the Contraves Gun King sighting system and the Contraves Skyguard radar. The changed contract takes into consideration the demanding workload placed on the firm's facilities by the selection of Martin Marietta and Oerlikon to supply the U.S. Army with its (FAAD L-O-S F-H) forward area line-of-sight air defence for heavy maneuver units in forward combat areas in Europe and other parts of the world. A parallel delivery schedule for the Canadian and U.S. projects will result from last week's contract with the Canadian government. Oerlikon expects to supply 60 ADATS units for the initial FAADS batch of 170 and later, 10 units for the second batch, which according to U.S. Army sources will include the 500 rounds-per-minute M242 Bushmaster 25 mm air defence gun to be supplied by McDonnell Douglas.  

Although the new Canadian LLAD contract provides for an altered delivery schedule, the delays in the LLAD project are not considered to be significantly disruptive by Canadian army officials. Training of Canadian soldiers will begin on schedule in May of this year. The first two GDF-005 twin-barrelled 35 mm guns have arrived on schedule at CFB Chatham, New Brunswick, where experts from Oerlikon will provide instruction to soldiers. The first Canadian configured ADATS unit is still expected to be rolled out of the Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu facility of Oerlikon in October of this year.  

Oerlikon issued a press release on Sunday of this week thanking the Canadian LLAD project office, in particular Colonel (retired) David Hampson whose recent participation in negotiations was instrumental in concluding difficult contract talks. Hampson, along with other government officials of DND, External Affairs, the Department of Regional Industrial Expansion and the Department of Supply and Services, made significant contributions, including adjustments in the Canadian LLAD schedule and information sharing with U.S. counterparts, to support the Canadian air defence team in their bid for the U.S. FAAD project. Of particular noteworthiness to TWR journalists who covered the project were the enormous, seldom-mentioned efforts of the Canadian Ambassador to the United States, Ambassador Gotlieb, and the officials of Canada's embassy in Washington, particularly: Mr. Robert Craig and Maj-Gen. Glen Younghusband. Director-General Roger Blake of the defence trade branch in the Department of External affairs demonstrated the importance and capability of his department in foreign trade conquests of this type. Oerlikon is correct in assuming that their win was aided, in no small way, by the concerted efforts of many Canadians. 



DEVTEK IN THE NEWS 

The Canadian-owned Devtek Corporation has once again made headlines in the business press. The company recently reorganized itself into two distinct operations to serve aerospace, defence and electronics markets: Devtek Systems Division and Devtek Precision Components Division. The firm has reported second quarter (ending January 31, 1988) sales increases of nearly 22 per cent over sales in the same period in their last fiscal year. Net earnings for the second quarter were $1.6 million or 17 cents per equity share. The company, headed by president Helmut Hofman, has recently signed an agreement to purchase 50 per cent of the shares of Interfast Inc. with options to purchase the balance at a later undetermined date. Douglas Woolings, the president and general manager of Interfast, will remain at his post in spite of the change of ownership. Interfast is a supplier of traceable, engineered fasteners to a diverse range of markets including aerospace and defence customers. The leaders of the two firms agree that the deal combines complementary customer and technology bases to provide enhanced business opportunities for both companies. 



CAIMAF INCORPORATES AND ELECTS NEW BOARD 

The Canadian Advanced Industrial Materials Forum (CAIMAF) earlier this month was incorporated as a non-profit corporation without share capital under the Canada Corporations Act. 

SELLING 'DOWN UNDER?' GET THE AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INTELLIGENCER 

TWR congratulates Mr. Tom Muir and Associates who have launched a new defence publication for Australia. Muir is a much respected, Australia-based defence writer who has given special coverage to Canadian events as recently as the fall of 1987. The Australian Defence Intelligencer 

is a monthly newsletter offering its readers ''A monthly compilation of commercial intelligence on Australia's defence equipment programs and policies.'' Although an introductory offer has been extended to Canadians at $200 (U.S.), the publication is normally available for a 12-issue fee of $250 (U.S). For further information contact Tom's U.S.-based associate, Mr. Don Middleton at: P.O. Box 60866, Palo Alto CA 94306. Fax: (415) 948-5824 or Telephone (415) 493-5703. Wish him our best and tell him you read about it in The Wednesday Report. 




BEATTY ADDRESSES SCOND ON DEFENCE ESTIMATES 

National Defence Minister Perrin Beatty addressed the House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence last week on the defence estimates for 1988-89. He noted that the five-year plan agreed to by the Cabinet during its consideration of the first annual defence review provides for $1.4 billion above the guaranteed base rate of two per cent real growth annually promised in the white paper. He pointed out that this represents about 60 per cent of the funding required for the second batch of six Canadian patrol frigates over the next five years.  

Other areas touched on by Beatty included: the need for greater surveillance and defence of Canadian territory under the North American Air Defence Modernization program; the increased importance of Canada's contribution to collective security through conventional forces; the revitalization of the Reserves through an increase in personnel, pay and benefits, and the modernization of Reserve equipment and facilities; the consolidation of Canadian commitments in Europe on the Central front; and the modernization of the navy through the construction of 12 frigates, the modernization of the navy's four newest destroyers, the acquisition of a fleet of minor war vessels, and the acquisition of 10 to 12 nuclear-propelled submarines.  

''My Cabinet colleagues and I are determined to press on with the policies set out in the white paper,'' He said. ''This year we did everything that careful budgeting and husbanding of resources allowed. We intend to do more next year and each year thereafter, until we have reached our goal. Barring dramatic and unforeseen fiscal circumstances, this will enable Canada to meet its obligations and diverse commitments with increasing confidence and credibility in the years ahead.'' 



HARRISON TO REPLACE MCDOWELL AS AEROQUIP PRESIDENT 

George Harrison has been promoted to president of Aeroquip (Canada) Inc., based in Toronto. Harrison joined Aeroquip in 1982 as controller of Aeroquip (Canada). In 1986 he was promoted to Aeroquip corporate controller at the company's corporate offices in Maumee, Ohio. A native of Welland, Ontario, Harrison holds a business degree from McMaster University and is a certified management accountant. He will succeed Clifford H. McDowell, who will retire on April 30 after 31 years with the company. McDowell joined Aeroquip (Canada) in 1957 as controller, was promoted to VP of operations in 1974, and appointed president in 1985. 



LEVEILLE TO JOIN OERLIKON AEROSPACE 

Congratulations are in order for Lionel Leveille, vice-president of Canadian Marconi, who will soon join Canada's air defence leader to become vice-president of operations. Growth at Oerlikon Aerospace of Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu has led to the creation of this new position. Predicted to succeed current president Dr. Marco Genoni _ who is expected to become president of Oerlikon's entire North American operations in late 1989 _ Leveille is a director of the Aerospace Industries Association of Canada (AIAC) and head of Canadian Marconi's 650 employee Avionics Division. Leveille has earned industry-wide respect and considerable popularity as a result of his active participation and leadership in professional organizations. A tribute to both Genoni and Leveille is the fact that the two men were fierce competitors in the recent Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) competition: Leveille led the Bofors/Canadian Marconi air defence industrial team to a very close second place. He will join Oerlikon in late April. 



OERLIKON AEROSPACE TO DOUBLE PLANT SIZE 

If you had any doubts about Oerlikon's commitment to Canada, you need to take a drive down boulevard du Seminaire Sud in Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu. Oerlikon Aerospace, in a relatively quiet ceremony last Friday, celebrated the recent award and signing of the FAADS contract (see TWR, Vol. 2, No. 12) with the announcement of another $90 million to be invested in Saint Jean facilities. Oerlikon Aerospace will construct an addition of 16,700 square meters to its present 16,00 square meter production and integration plant. The new construction will bring the total size of the plant to 107,300 square feet (32,700 sq. m.). In the new facility, 7,000 square meters will be devoted to production, 6,200 to administration and engineering, and 3,500 to quality control and logistics support. Site preparation and construction will commence within the month. The new building will be opened in mid-1989. 



DECKER TO JOIN TCCCS PROJECT OFFICE 

Colonel Glenn Decker will be joining the Tactical Command, Control and Communications project office in July as program director, following a year of studying French at the Canadian Forces Language School. Prior to that, Decker was attached to the Low Level Air Defence program. 



SENATOR DIXON TO SOFTEN BILL'S ANTI-CANADA STANCE 

Last November, Senator Alan J. Dixon (Democrat, Illinois) introduced the 'Defence Industrial Base Preservation Act' which, among other things, was designed to deter what the Senator saw as unfair trade practices by foreign nations (see TWR, Vol. 1, No. 28, page 3). Although Canada was not specifically cited as one of these nations, an aide to the Senator said that ''Canadian subsidies to the companies have allowed them to what we consider unfairly underbid U.S. companies for defence contracts.'' Consequently, during discussions of the bill by the Armed Services Committee, measures to be taken against Canada would be discussed.  

Response to the protectionist legislation was swift on both sides of the border. Trade officials with the Canadian Embassy in Washington lobbied against the bill, as did officials within the Pentagon, and the AIAC quietly added its voice to the campaign with a low-profile 'education' program in Washington. Which of these efforts did the trick is not clear. However, TWR has learned that Dixon's bill is to be amended to specifically exclude Canada, and Israel, from the punitive sections of the bill. 





Feature: 

SPAR'S TIGER EYE WINS NODLR! 

{W} Although no announcement had been made at the time of writing, TWR has learned that the Defence Systems Division of SPAR Aerospace Limited is the choice of the Department of National Defence to supply their Tiger Eye to fulfill DND's requirement for a long range Night Observation Device (NODLR). According to TWR sources who spoke on condition that they not be identified, a $40-million contract was signed last week by the Department of National Defence.  

The contract calls for 233 Tiger Eye units to be delivered before October 1990. Each unit will consist of a laser range finder, goniometer, tripod, battery pack, associated accessories and the Tiger Eye mini-FLIR (miniaturized Forward Looking Infrared). The complete manpack will weigh 23 to 24 kilograms, depending on which options are selected. First delivery of the system is scheduled for mid-April when the Canadian Armed Forces will receive one FLIR and laser range finder as well as four tripod sets and two types of goniometers. Beginning in May of this year, soldiers and officers will conduct final human engineering evaluations and select appropriate options. The first production units are expected in the spring of 1989.  

A fierce competition had been fought in recent months. Spar's opposition for the potentially lucrative project came from Allied-Signal's Bendix Avelex in Montreal. Government indecision appeared to delay the final source selection due to political pitfalls in the ongoing Quebec-versus-Ontario industrial development debate. Although Spar Aerospace is headquartered in Ontario, the firm operates a large division in the province of Quebec. According to suggestions from TWR sources, the Quebec government of Robert Bourassa would not take sides in the competition, although, in the latter weeks of the competition, the two firms appeared to be conducting most of their battle in the political arena.  

But Tiger Eye's mini-FLIR won the day for Spar. It has the distinct advantage of being able to provide high-quality TV images for display on a monitor or for recording and later evaluation. The unit accomplishes this by scanning at a high rate of speed with a spinning polygon that builds the image at TV scan rates of from 30 to 60 Hz. All objects at temperatures above absolute zero (-273 deg. C) radiate heat which, as a form of energy, has a wavelength some 10 to 20 times greater than light in the visible spectrum. The mini-FLIR unit senses the minute temperature changes across its field of view and constructs images based on the thermal radiation of all objects it 'sees.' The images are sharp and clear allowing operators to virtually see in complete darkness.  

The Canadian military intends to use the night observation devices in forward combat areas to conduct reconnaissance, observation, and provide control and guidance of artillery and air-delivered ordnance. A two-man team will be deployed with the system. While one troop packs and operates the NODLR the other troop will shoulder the weapons and radios.  

FLIR technology has become increasingly popular in recent years for numerous military applications. Soldiers operating in the field have developed a high regard for the passive attributes of FLIR. TWR noted during recent FAADS missile firing trials in White Sands, New Mexico, that U.S. soldiers often preferred FLIR devices over radar for acquisition and tracking of low level target drones, even though radar sets were supplied specifically for that purpose. FLIR allows surveillance, target acquisition, and tracking, in total darkness or other adverse conditions causing poor visibility. Unlike radar, FLIR devices are completely passive, thus denying an enemy the opportunity to detect its operator's presence, employ jamming devices, or direct radiation seeking weapons.  

Spar has been researching and developing FLIR technology since the 1950's when the company was a division of The DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada. The firm has been successful in applying its FLIR technology to naval and land-based systems. The Infrared Search and Target Designation System (IRSTD) project for the Canadian and U.S. navies led to the introduction and sale of Spar's AN/SAR-8. Oerlikon's ADATS system employs a FLIR system built by Spar. The Tiger Eye is the third application of FLIR that Spar has sold and the company is researching other land-based, spaceborne and airborne applications. The mini-FLIR technology for Tiger Eye was acquired from Honeywell's Electro-Optics Division in the United States. Both Honeywell and Spar have striven to become world-class developers and manufacturers of FLIR technology applications.  

Tiger Eye is the result of four years of development work and $6 million in research costs. According to earlier estimates, the award of NODLR to Spar Aerospace will provide 200 permanent jobs. Production will take place at two of Spar's facilities: Kanata, Ontario and Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. According to company estimates, nearly one third of the work will be completed in Quebec. The NODLR decision confirms Canadian-owned Spar Aerospace as a world-class center for electro-optic technology, putting Canada in an enviable position, able to participate in the advanced electro-optic projects of the 1990's. 



Micheal J. O'Brien 






DY4 AND FERRANTI SIGN TEAMING AGREEMENT

DY4 Systems Inc. of Ottawa and Ferranti Defence Systems of Scotland, a manufacturer of military avionics and automatic test equipment (ATE) systems, have signed what DY-4 calls a comprehensive agreement to form a team on the anticipated DND Request for Proposal for forward deployment ATE for the CF-18. Under the agreement, DY-4 will design and develop hardware and software for use with Ferranti's VME-based AST 1200 series ATE. Ferranti will provide the ATE technology and avionics system expertise as well as supplying the core of the system. This product was designed by Ferranti, DY-4 says, to fulfill military requirements for ruggedized man-portable ATE's for forward support test of deployed airborne, seaborne and land-mobile systems equipment and is being supplied to Harrier GR5 avionic support at forward level to the RAF in the U.K. DY-4 will provide in-house facilities for this project and will be the Canadian support arm for the AST 1200, providing application hardware and software support, configuration management and Canadian field service support. 

BENDIX WINS SIMULATOR CONTRACT

Bendix Avelex Inc. of Montreal has been awarded a contract to supply TOW Video Interactive Gunnery Simulators (TVIGS) to DND. The TOW (Tube launched, Optically tracked, Wire guided) simulator system will train soldiers in the use of the anti-tank missile system. TVIGS employs interactive video to generate realistic battlefield images, sounds, and targets for the student, while providing the instructor with real-time feedback on the student's performance without any live firing. 

ADATS ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE COMPLETED AT OERLIKON

Construction and installation of an industrial acoustic enclosure at the new Oerlikon Aerospace plant in St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, has been completed by Vibron Limited. The 320 foot long enclosure contains eight specially designed work stations that allow the ADATS carrier vehicles to enter and exit through large doors. Each work station measures 40 ft. by 63. The interiors of the walls are made up of acoustic panels which absorb noise created during the assembly and testing procedures. The facilities will be used to assemble, integrate and test the Canadian (ADATS) and U.S. (FAAD-LOS) low level air defence systems. 

BENDIX AVELEX RECEIVES DIPP FUNDING

Bendix Avelex Inc. of St. Laurent, Quebec will receive a federal contribution of $626,316 under the Defence Industry Productivity Program (DIPP) for research and development. The funds will be used to assist the company with its plans to develop a three-dimensional gun alignment and positioning system to aid in the rapid and accurate deployment of artillery batteries. The project is expected to generate sales of $22.6 million by 1993 and to create five jobs during the R&D phase and 57 others during subsequent production.

Several other companies also received DIPP funding. Aerosafe Technologies Inc. of Fort Erie, Ontario, will receive $250,000 in DIPP funding to modernize its operations by the acquisition of state-of-the-art machinery. In announcing the award, Girve Fretz, MP for Erie, said that the company plans to buy various computer-controlled equipment to improve its ability to supply components to the aerospace industry. The project, which has an estimated total cost of $250,000, is expected to generate increased sales of $3.5 million. CREO Electronics Corporation of Burnaby, B.C., is to receive $325,000 to buy CAD/CAM equipment. This equipment will be used in the production and testing of optical tape recorders used for large volume data storage.

Menasco Aerospace Ltd. of Oakville, Ontario, has received $519,822 in DIPP funding for two projects involving the design and development of components for the V-22 Osprey Tilt Rotor Aircraft being developed jointly by Bell Textron and Boeing Vertol. Assistance of $316,350 has been awarded for the design, development and manufacturing of 16 qualification units of the aircraft's nose landing gear, and a repayable contribution of $203,472 was made to assist the company to design and develop the drag strut retract actuators for the aircraft. 

Venture Tool Company (Windsor) Ltd. will receive $227,700 to increase production. The company plans to buy two CNC machine centres with which it will diversify its products and reduce its dependence on the automotive industry by penetrating the aerospace/defence field. The project has a total estimated cost of $455,400. 




NATIONAL NEWS IN BRIEF 

Oerlikon Aerospace Incorporated of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, which recently rolled out the first production ADATS fire unit for the Canadian Forces (TWR October 26, page 6), reports that employment at its Quebec facility has reached the 650 mark. Initially, Oerlikon Aerospace was to employ some 300 people. The substantial increase in employment followed Oerlikon's victory in the U.S. Army's hard-fought FAADS-LOS-H competition and the concomitant decision to double the size of the previously-planned production facilities and establish the firm's own Research and Development Centre. Oerlikon's direct investment in Phases I and II of the construction of the plant and the research and development labs will reach $100 million by the end of 1989. Fully 99% of the firm's employees are Canadian. 

Nexus Engineering Corporation of Burnaby, B.C., will receive a federal contract valued at $242,000 under the Defence Industry Productivity Programme (DIPP) to conduct research and development on a high-efficiency power amplifier for use in M-SAT mobile terminals. The project is expected to lead to the creation of five new jobs and generate incremental sales of two to three million dollars annually once M-SAT goes into service. 

Bristol Aerospace Limited of Winnipeg has received a DND contract valued at $5,771,037 to develop and install the prototype of an updated avionics suite in two CF-5s. Phased out of front-line service earlier this year (TWR July 13, page 5), 56 of Canada's 87 surviving CF-5As and CF-5Ds are to be retained, in updated form, for use as fighter-trainers. In the continuation of an existing programme, Bristol also has received an $8,128,687 contract for the inspection and repair of up to 25 Bell CH-135 Twin Huey helicopters. The contract will maintain 15 jobs for three years. 

Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Limited of Mississauga, Ontario, and Selena/Northwest Digital Research of Vancouver, B.C., have delivered a sophisticated new weather image display system to Environment Canada. Hailed as ''the world's most advanced weather picture display system'', the MPDS (Multi-Purpose Display System) was developed in Canada through a joint venture partnership of Hewlett-Packard and Selena/Northwest. The MPDS consists of HP 9000/300 microcomputers than can automatically receive, store and display high resolution satellite, radar and weather chart imagery. The MPDS replaces ''old, expensive-to-maintain, chemically-processed paper facsimile with modern computer displays that are cheaper to operate and easier to update as needs dictate.'' MPDS is presently being installed and will soon be operational at more than 70 Environment Canada and Department of National Defence sites across Canada. 



FAADS Reference contained in the following articles.

The Wednesday Report

VOLUME 2 (1988)
1. (JAN. 6) YEAR END REVIEW: THE START OF SOMETHING BIG (6) MWS
-Assessing the White Paper
-Shortcomings?
-The NDP Position Paper
-Life Beyond the White Paper
-The Year Ahead

2. (JAN. 13) COMMENT: RUST OUT (6) MOB
-MIL Unveils Restructuring Plan
-NAAWS Update: A Slice of the Pie for Canadian Industry
-Mini-Shuffle in Maritime Command
-Canadair Awarded Challenger Maintenance Contract
-APC Conversion Contract Awarded to MIL
-Calendar

3. (JAN. 21) COMMENT: CF-LLAD-THE POST CONTRACT ERA (6) MOB
-Canada's MCM Capability Rises From the Ashes
-New Project Manager for CFLH
-Spar Wins Three SBR Contracts
-Hughes Aircraft Opens Ottawa Office
-Promotions and Senior Appointments

4. (JAN. 27) COMMENT: NEITHER FRENCH NOR BRITISH (6) MOB*
-Defence Industrial Base Review Unveiled at CDPA
-Contract Award Imminent for Heavy Lift Vehicle
-Commander Marcom Scolds Halifax Business Executives
-CANTASS Project: First We Buy, Then We Build
-DRIE Launches Microelectronics Development Program
-Canadair CEO R.D. Richmond Retires
-Macdonald Dettwiler Wins Radar Enhancement Contract
-EDO Canada Wins $388,000 Contract
-Toronto Firm to Manufacture High-Strength Bolts
-DY-4 to Pursue Office Automation Market
-Calendar

5. (FEB. 3) COMMENT: THE NDP NATO POLICY PENDULUM (6) MOB
-CSEL Revises Proposal on Mine Countermeasures Vessels
-DSS Releases Defence Industrial Base Review
-CADW Reclassified as a Major Crown Project
-CRAD Researching Sonar Support System
-HLV Contract Award Rumours Fly
-Leigh Announces Micronav Board
-MAP and TOP Standards Available
-Calendar

6. (FEB. 10) COMMENT: DISARMAMENT-WALKING SOFTLY... (8) MOB
-$250 Million Heavy Lift Vehicle Contract Awarded
-Military Presence in the Arctic to be Expanded
-Long-Awaited DIPTF Report Released
-TRUMP Update: Off to a Slow Start but Picking up Speed
-Early Days Yet for Main Battle Tank Acquisition Program
-More UK Airports to get Plessey Watchman Radar
-ADATS Missile Verification Tests Concluded Successfully
-AIT Expands Ottawa Research Group
-Harry Lowe Joins Numet
-Calendar

7. (FEB. 17) COMMENT: THE BUDGET (8) MOB
-Mixed Reactions to Budget Defence Allocations
-FAADS Contract Signed
-Subcontracting Talks in Progress for HLV Contract
-Trade Show: Nuclear Submarines-MCMVs-Frigates
-Mcguigan Elected VP of Litton Industries
-Thomson-CSF Awarded Minefield Breaching System Contract
-Nova Scotia Fines Shipyard
-Embraer and Partner Form New Company
-Calendar

8. (FEB. 23) COMMENT: THE WHITE PAPER: UNDER ATTACK (6) MOB
-EHI Canada Submits Proposal for NSA Definition Contract
-Rockwell Takes Aim at Canadian Marine Defence Contracts
-SNA 'Ice Pick' Cracks the Ice Barrier
-Leigh Rejects IMP's Hostile Takeover Bid
-Tessier Appointed President and CEO of MIL

9. (MAR. 2) COMMENT: A TROUBLED NATO (8) MOB
-Quote of the Week
-Macdonald Dettwiler Pursues Defence Market
-LAV Update: Program Complexity Causes Slippage
-Defence Estimates Tabled
-CMC Wins Two Contracts
-Calendar
-House Ad

10. (MAR. 9) COMMENT: ONE CHOICE (6) MOB
-DND to Acquire Two Commercial Ships for MCM
-Trading of Innotech Shares Halted
-Leigh Directors Reject IMP Take Over Bid
-ADM/MAT Defends DND's SSN Cost Estimates
-Companies Receive DIPP Funding
-Minister Seeks Industry's Help in Shaping New Department
-Westinghouse Buys Gould's Torpedo Business
-MIL Wins Submarine R & D Contract
-Calendar
-House Ad

11. (MAR. 16) COMMENT: A THIRTY YEAR REFLECTION: YOU HAD TO BE THERE (6) MOB
-DND Forms Canadian Division
-Ontario Firms Seek Effective Ottawa Lobby 
-Garrett Canada Develops ILS Test System
-Plessey Outbids IMP for Leigh Instruments
-Pay and Benefits Increased for Reserves
-Rubis Emerges from Noise Tests with Flying Colours
-Three Companies Awarded DIPP Funds
-Government of Jordan to Purchase Tornado
-Calendar

12. (MAR. 23) COMMENT: LIVING WITH THE MEDIA (6) MOB
-Eryx MOU Negotiations Entering Final Phase
-New Milestones for ADATS
-New Westinghouse VP Appointed
-Devtek in the News
-CAL Delivers $2.2 Million System to NATO
-CAIMAF Incorporates and Elects New Board
-Selling 'Down Under'? Get the Australian Defence Intelligencer
-Harrier Jump Jet in 'Night Bird' Trials
-Our Apologies (re Estimates chart)
-Calendar
-House Ad

13. (MAR. 30) COMMENT: SPAR'S TIGER EYE WINS NODLR! (6) MOB
-Dixon Bill Amendments: Good News, Bad News
-Leveille to Join Oerlikon Aerospace
-Oerlikon Aerospace to Double in Size
-Bendix Avelex Wins Two DND Contracts
-Program Update: Re-Engined Tracker Should Fly this August
-Beatty Addresses SCOND on Defence Estimates
-Harrison to Replace McDowell as Aeroquip President
-Aero-Marine Expands Space, Targets NSA
-Decker to Join TCCCS Project Office
-Calendar

14. (APR. 6) COMMENT: THE CANADIAN SONAR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (6) MOB
-Five Companies Awarded DIPP Funds
-HLV Contract Signed
-Bendix Avelex Acquires Line of Smoke Grenade Launchers
-Sanders Canada Wins Electronic Support Training Contract
-Regional Technology Conference Schedule Announced
-Matra Team Pursues Satellite Contract
-DY-4 Introduces Intelligent Interface Module
-Real-Time UNIX Engineering Computers Introduced in Canada
-Calendar
-House Ad

15. (APR. 13) COMMENT: SOVEREIGNTY CRISIS (6) MOB
-CASAP Technical Evaluation Underway
-Meet the M1A1 Abrams
-EHI Signs NSA Definition Contract
-First NODLR Unit Completed
-ARINC-727 MLS Autoland for Air Force One

16. (APR. 20) COMMENT: TANK/ANTITANK (10) MOB
-Plessey Pledges $2 Billion through Leigh Buy 
-Nova Scotia Firm Tackles Hybrid Submarine Market
-DY-4 and Ferranti Sign Teaming Agreement
-Garrett and DRIE R & D MOU
-Bendix Wins Simulator Contract
-Trafalgar Consortium Holds Industry Briefings
-ADATS Acoustic Enclosure Completed at Oerlikon
-Bendix Avelex Receives DIPP Funding
-Lockheed Opens Composite Materials Centre
-Changing of the Guard at NATO
-Joint Venture to Supply Aircraft Electrical Power Systems
-Amdahl to Support IBM NCP-5
-Three AI Systems Introduced by Grumman
-US Government Technology Summarized in Catalog
-Control Data Wins Addition to U.S. Navy Ada Contract
-U.S. Firm Introduces Automatic Source Code Generator
-Calendar
-Walk the Plank, Swabby! (Correction)

17. (APR. 27) COMMENT: ATTACK SUBMARINES: RECONCILING U.S. ARGUMENTS (6) MOB
-DND Fishing for Deployable CF-18 Test System
-Defence Industrial Research Program Approved
-Prime Minister Mulroney to Meet Reagan Today
-Canadian Navy Deploys to Western Pacific
-Beatty Announces Senior Appointments
-Appointments at Field Aviation
-Hawker Siddeley Wins AQAP-1 Recognition
-Calendar
-Copies of SSN Forum Available

18. (MAY 4) COMMENT: CORPORATE CITIZENS: GOOD AND BAD (6) MOB
-Canadian Companies Form CASAP Consortium
-Major Subcontractors Selected for HLV Project
-Leckie and Dyment Join Aviation Hall of Fame
-GSR and British Petroleum Form Joint Venture in Composites
-Beatty Establishes Three Naval Reserve Divisions
-New Ceramic Engine Valve Successfully Tested
-New Materials Research to Give NASP its Wing
-AMRAAM Scores in First Live Warhead Test
-Tacit Rainbow Completes Free-Flight Test
-UK Confirms Commitment to New Euro Fighter
-Calendar

19. (MAY 11) COMMENT: A DOZEN PREDICTIONS (6) MOB
-Base ADP Moves Into Development Phase
-CDC Wins US Navy Signal Processor Contract
-Bell's Jim Schwabe: The Future of Bell/Mirabel
-Indal Wins CPF RAST Contract
-Bendix Wins DND Tank Simulation Contract
-Cametoid Spreads its Wings into the US
-LTV Wins $8.9 Million ASW Contract Add-Ons
-Calian Technology Acquires Miller Communications
-Smart Fuel Control System Completes Tests
-Plastic Bead Aircraft Paint Stripper Approved by USAF
-Allied-Signal Forms Core Business Groups
-Calendar
-House Ad

20. (MAY 18) COMMENT: LOOKING AHEAD TO YEAR TWO (6) MOB
-Seminar Gauges Soviet Cruise Threat
-Spar's Larry Clarke Gives Upbeat Report to Shareholders
-CASI Presents Three Awards at Annual Dinner Last Night
-CAIMAF to get $840,000 Says de Cotret
-Cercast Group Acquired by US Firm
-Multiscript Gets $252,000 DND Translation Contract
-Deliveries of CF-18 Tail Off
-People
-Rolls-Royce Announces Senior Appointments
-New European Anti-Tank Weapons get the Green Light
-Honeywell Division Reduces Work Force
-Rockwell and British Aerospace Pursue Trainer Contract
-Encyclopedia of Robotics Published
-Calendar
-Our Mistake (Calendar correction)

21. (MAY 25) COMMENT: INDUSTRY SUPPORT FOR ELECTION CAMPAIGNS? (6) MOB
-SACEUR: All Submarine Help is Welcome
-Bofors Wins CPF Follow-On Contract
-First CPF Launched
-Macdonald Dettwiler Developing Defence Simulations
-Harris and CMC Form ATE Team
-CMC Appoints Head of Avionics Division
-ECS Inaugurates Submarine Reactor Test Facility
-People [UNGOMAP]
-USAF Issues RFP for IFF System
-Beam-Index Colour Display Flight Trials Underway
-House Ad
-Calendar

22. (JUNE 1) THE WHITE PAPER-ONE YEAR LATER (8) PB
-Ottawa Rife With SSN Rumours-and Lobbyists
-Ashley Outlines Future of Canada's Air Force
-Senator Paul Lafond
-Hughes/Spanish Group to Develop Anti-Tank Missile
-GE Wins Helicopter Engine Competition
-Palm-Size Microcomputer Unveiled
-Hughes Delivers First F/A-18 Navigation Set
-Calendar

23. (JUNE 8) COMMENT: RETHINKING THE ROLE AND NUMBERS OF OUR CF-18s (10) MOB
-VSEL/GCI Allegations Untrue
-SNA Reacts to TWR Article in June 1 Issue
-Interview: VSEL's Jack Daniel Says U.S. will Approve Treaty
Amendments
-Interview: Lawrence Herman: France will Build/Operate 2 
Canadian Amethyste Variants
-CMIA Brief Presented to Prime Minister
-Beatty Assesses Moscow Summit
-Whirlwind Progress at Oerlikon Aerospace Facility Continues
-Unisys Granted NATO AQAP-1 Status
-UK Royal Aircraft Establishment Given New Name
-Canadian Firms Share in APGM Contract


24. (JUNE 15) COMMENT: DEALING WITH DISINFORMATION (8) MOB
-ADM/MAT Reaffirms SSN Requirement and Cost Estimates
-Update: The Senate and House of Commons Defence Committees
-Canadian Hercules Arrive in Ethiopia
-New Publications from DND, CMIA
-RAST Success Story Continues
-Canadian Astronautics Moves Forward with SAR Research
-Environment Canada Utilizing Metrowave Bridge
-New Military Variant of Aerospatiale SA365 Dauphin
-Schweizer 330 Turbine Helicopter Flown
-Daniel Concedes that VSEL Hired Lobbyists
-TWR Celebrates 1st Anniversary
-AN/SSQ-53B Contract for Hermes Electronics
-Correspondence

25. (JUNE 22) COMMENT: THE SSN COST FRACAS (8) MOB
-Beatty Rejects Hybrid Submarine Option
-NAAWS Victory for Thomson-CSF Systems Canada
-Ernst Leitz Canada Pursues Defence Market
-Telemus Success Story Continues
-Devtek Announces Third Quarter Results
-NCR Acquires Unique Ice Sensor
-Fitzwright Helicopter Suit Approved
-Ferranti Wins Contract for Automatic Test Equipment
-New Publications from CISS, CDA and CIIPS
-People
-Calendar
-House Ad

26. (JUNE 29) COMMENT: MAGGIE'S MESSAGE-CANADA MISSED THE POINT (6) MOB
-Beatty Acknowledges ''Total Force'' Challenge
-Status Report: The Canadian Forces Light Helicopter
-Canadair Freezes Regional Jet Configuration/Aerodynamics
-DND Scientific and Research Contracts
-Additional F/A-18 Opportunities for Leigh Instruments
-USN Follow-On Order for Unisys Canada
-Rolls-Royce (Canada) Appoints Chrysler Pentastar
-Hughes-Led Team Awarded MIMIC Research Contract
-DND Annual Report (Correction of wrong no. given by DGInfo)
-Quote of the Week

27. (JULY 6) COMMENT: ENTER THE PEACE MOVEMENT (8) MOB
-Detailed SSN Cost Estimates: Canadian Amethyste
-DND Examining Chinook Centralization Scheme
-Canada Signs Space-Based Search and Rescue Agreement
-AIDS Testing for Some U.S.-Bound Personnel
-Garrett Canada/Plessey Secure LLAD Contract
-Krauss Maffei Ready to Bid for Tank Project
-Plans for New NDHQ Shelved
-People
-NDHQ Named After Former Defence Minister
-Hughes Receives INF Inspection Contract
-Satellite User Conference: Call for Papers
-Calendar

28. (JULY 13) COMMENT: SSN TENSION (8) MOB
-SCOND Tables Report on Canada's Reserve Forces
-CAE to Acquire Link Division of Singer
-End of the Line for 434 Squadron
-Bombardier to Invest $30 Million at Mirabel
-People
-Refit Contract for Canadian Shipbuilding and Engineering
-Voice-Compression Technology Transfer to Spilsbury
-Sanders Delivers 500th AN/ALQ-126B
-Lockheed's HTTB Enters New Phase
-Satellite User Conference: Call for Papers
-Calendar

29. (JULY 20) COMMENT: THE ARCTIC STATION PROJECT (6) MWS
-Committee of Concerned Canadians Supports SSN Program
-Cytrigen and Atomic Energy Announce Agreement
-'Submarine' Nears Completion at Davis Engineering
-Sanders